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. 2022 Dec 8;45(1):29–43. doi: 10.1007/s11357-022-00705-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Trial flow for evaluating efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (AbinoNutra™NMN). Each recruited participant was instructed to take the assigned amount of either placebo or NMN orally once a day before breakfast with water of ambient temperature for 60 days. PO = orally, QD = once daily dosing. *Due to 1 participant each from placebo and 900 mg groups did not fast, Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was based on 19 participants for these two groups