Bradley Pickering
Bradley Pickering
1National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
2Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
3Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
1,2,3,✉,#,
Oliver Lung
Oliver Lung
1National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
1,4,#,
Finlay Maguire
Finlay Maguire
5Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
6Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
7Shared Hospital Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario Canada
8Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
5,6,7,8,#,
Peter Kruczkiewicz
Peter Kruczkiewicz
1National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
1,
Jonathon D Kotwa
Jonathon D Kotwa
8Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
8,
Tore Buchanan
Tore Buchanan
9Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario Canada
9,
Marianne Gagnier
Marianne Gagnier
10Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Quebec City, Quebec Canada
10,
Jennifer L Guthrie
Jennifer L Guthrie
11Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario Canada
12Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Toronto, Ontario Canada
11,12,
Claire M Jardine
Claire M Jardine
13Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Ontario-Nunavut, Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
13,
Alex Marchand-Austin
Alex Marchand-Austin
11Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario Canada
11,
Ariane Massé
Ariane Massé
10Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Quebec City, Quebec Canada
10,
Heather McClinchey
Heather McClinchey
14Public Health, Health Protection and Surveillance Policy and Programs Branch, Ontario Ministry of Health, Toronto, Ontario Canada
14,
Kuganya Nirmalarajah
Kuganya Nirmalarajah
8Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
8,
Patryk Aftanas
Patryk Aftanas
7Shared Hospital Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario Canada
7,
Juliette Blais-Savoie
Juliette Blais-Savoie
8Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
8,
Hsien-Yao Chee
Hsien-Yao Chee
8Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
8,
Emily Chien
Emily Chien
8Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
8,
Winfield Yim
Winfield Yim
8Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
8,
Andra Banete
Andra Banete
8Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
8,
Bryan D Griffin
Bryan D Griffin
8Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
8,
Lily Yip
Lily Yip
8Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
8,
Melissa Goolia
Melissa Goolia
1National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
1,
Matthew Suderman
Matthew Suderman
1National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
1,
Mathieu Pinette
Mathieu Pinette
1National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
1,
Greg Smith
Greg Smith
1National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
1,
Daniel Sullivan
Daniel Sullivan
1National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
1,4,
Josip Rudar
Josip Rudar
1National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
1,
Oksana Vernygora
Oksana Vernygora
1National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
1,
Elizabeth Adey
Elizabeth Adey
9Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario Canada
9,
Michelle Nebroski
Michelle Nebroski
1National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
1,
Guillaume Goyette
Guillaume Goyette
15Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Quebec Canada
15,
Andrés Finzi
Andrés Finzi
15Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Quebec Canada
16Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec Canada
15,16,
Geneviève Laroche
Geneviève Laroche
17Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
18Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
19Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
17,18,19,
Ardeshir Ariana
Ardeshir Ariana
17Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
18Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
19Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
17,18,19,
Brett Vahkal
Brett Vahkal
17Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
18Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
19Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
17,18,19,
Marceline Côté
Marceline Côté
17Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
18Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
19Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
17,18,19,
Allison J McGeer
Allison J McGeer
20Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario Canada
21Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
20,21,
Larissa Nituch
Larissa Nituch
9Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario Canada
9,
Samira Mubareka
Samira Mubareka
8Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
21Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
8,21,✉,
Jeff Bowman
Jeff Bowman
9Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario Canada
22Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario Canada
9,22,✉
1National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
2Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
3Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
5Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
6Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
7Shared Hospital Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario Canada
8Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
9Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario Canada
10Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Quebec City, Quebec Canada
11Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario Canada
12Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Toronto, Ontario Canada
13Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Ontario-Nunavut, Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
14Public Health, Health Protection and Surveillance Policy and Programs Branch, Ontario Ministry of Health, Toronto, Ontario Canada
15Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Quebec Canada
16Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec Canada
17Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
18Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
19Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
20Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario Canada
21Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
22Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario Canada
Subject terms: SARS-CoV-2, Evolution
© The Author(s) 2022
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