The authors regret to inform that the presented values in Table 1 are incorrect in the published version. The corrected values are provided below. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.
Table 1.
Summary of strategies for non-ethanol chemical production in S. cerevisiae
Reference | Pdc− phenotype | Relieve Crabtree effect through ALE |
Alternate acetyl-CoA routes |
NAD+ regeneration | Metabolic control of ethanol production |
Alternate carbon source |
Product(s) | Yield (g/g carbon source) |
Titer (g/L) |
Conditions (carbon source, medium, batch/fed-batch, vessel, conditions) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[71] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Acetate | 0.14a | < 0.5 | Glucose, minimal medium, batch, flask, aerobic | |||
Pyruvate | 0.007a | < 0.5 | ||||||||
[25] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 2,3-Butanediol | 0.28 | 96.2 | Glucose, YP medium, fed-batch, bioreactor, aerobic | |||
Glycerol | 0.09a | >30c | ||||||||
Acetoin | 0.01a | ~5 c | ||||||||
[33] | ✓ | ✓ | 2,3-Butanediol | 0.407 | 72.91 | Glucose, YP medium, fed-batch, flask, aerobic | ||||
Acetoin | 0.01a | 1.38 | ||||||||
[34] | ✓ | ✓ | 2,3-Butanediol | 0.359 | 32.31c | Glucose + ethanol, minimal media, batch, bioreactor, oxygen-limited | ||||
Glycerol | 0.069 | 6.21c | ||||||||
Acetoin | 0.052 | 4.68c | ||||||||
[35] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 2,3-Butanediol | 0.404 | 154.3 | Glucose, YP medium, fed-batch, bioreactor, full aeration followed by oxygen limitation | |||
Glycerol | 0.088 | 33.5 c | ||||||||
Acetate | 0.006a | 2.3 | ||||||||
[36] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 2,3-Butanediol | 0.462 | 108.6 | Glucose, YP medium, fed-batch, bioreactor, full aeration followed by oxygen limitation | ||
Acetoin | 0.02a | 4.6 | ||||||||
Acetate | 0.0004a | 0.1 | ||||||||
[27] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 2,3-Butanediol | 0.27 | 81.0 | Glucose, synthetic defined medium, fed-batch, flask, mild aerobic | |||
Glycerol | 0.239a | 71.8 | ||||||||
Succinate | 0.013a | 4.0 | ||||||||
[72] | ✓ | ✓ | n-Butanol | 0.012 | 0.130 | Glucose + pantothenate, SMD medium, flask, semi-anaerobic | ||||
Ethanol | 0.10 | ~1c | ||||||||
Glycerol | 0.17 | ~2c | ||||||||
[43] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Isobutanol | 0.0074a | b | Glucose, SMG medium + Tween-80 + ergosterol, batch, serum bottle, microaerobic | |||
Ethanol | 0.033a | b | ||||||||
Glycerol | 0.26a | b | ||||||||
Pyruvate | 0.02a | b | ||||||||
2,3-butanediol | 0.325a | b | ||||||||
Dihydroxyisovalerate | 0.05a | b | ||||||||
Isobutyrate | 0.03a | b | ||||||||
[61] | ✓ | ✓ | Isobutanol | 0.0535 | 8.49 | Glucose, SC-Ura, fed-batch, bioreactor, microaerobic | ||||
2-Methyl-1-butanol | 0.01417 | 2.38 | ||||||||
Ethanol | 0.187 | 39.8 | ||||||||
Glycerol | b | b | ||||||||
[28] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Free fatty acids | 0.1 | 25 | Glucose, minimal N2-limited medium, fed-batch, bioreactor, aerobic | ||
Glycerol | b | b | ||||||||
[42] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Malic acid | 0.31a | 59 | Glucose, synthetic medium, batch, flask, aerobic | |||
Succinate | 0.04a | 8 | ||||||||
Glycerol | 0.13a | 25 | ||||||||
Pyruvate | 0.02a | 3 | ||||||||
Fumarate | 0.01a | 2 | ||||||||
[54] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Succinic acid | 0.044a | 2.2 | Glucose + formate, mineral salt medium, deep-well plate, microaerobic | |||
Pyruvate | 0.364a | 18.2 | ||||||||
Malate | 0.022a | 1.1 | ||||||||
Glycerol | 0.076a | 3.8 | ||||||||
[60] | ✓ | ✓ | Gluconate | b | 2.31 | Glucose, synthetic defined, batch, culture tube, semi-anaerobic | ||||
Ethanol | b | 1.01 | ||||||||
Glycerol | b | b | ||||||||
[41] | ✓ | ✓ | Lactic acid | 0.6 | 80 | Glucose, YP medium, fed-batch, bioreactor, aerobic | ||||
Ethanol | 0.01 | 1.6 | ||||||||
Glycerol | 0.02 | 2.6 | ||||||||
[40] | ✓ | Lactic acid | 0.8 | 112.0 | Glucose, YP medium, fed-batch, flask, aerobic | |||||
Ethanol | 0.02a | 2.6 | ||||||||
[69] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Lactic acid | 0.43a | 7.8 | 2-stage sugar consumption (ethanol then xylose), YP medium, batch, bioreactor, aerobic followed by microaerophilic | |||
Acetate | 0.16a | 3c | ||||||||
Xylitol | 0.01a | 0.17c | ||||||||
[70] | ✓ | ✓ | Lactic acid | 0.67 | 60 | Xylose, YP medium, batch, flask, aerobic | ||||
Ethanol | 0.01a | <1 | ||||||||
Xylitol | 0.01a | <1 | ||||||||
Glycerol | 0.01a | <1 | ||||||||
Acetate | 0.01a | <1 | ||||||||
[68] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 2,3-Butanediol | 0.46a | 96.8 | Xylose + glucose, YP medium, fed-batch, bioreactor, microaerobic | ||
Glycerol | 0.11a | 23.3 | ||||||||
Ethanol | 0.08a | 16.3 | ||||||||
Xylitol | 0.03a | 5.9 | ||||||||
[73] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 2,3-Butanediol | 0.26a | 43.6 | Xylose + glucose, YP medium, fed-batch, bioreactor, microaerobic | |||
Glycerol | 0.26a | 45 | ||||||||
Xylitol | 0.03a | 4.7 | ||||||||
[63] | ✓ | ✓ | Isobutanol | 0.026a | 2.6 | Xylose, nutrient-rich Verduyn medium, fed-batch, bioreactor, aerobic | ||||
Ethanol | 0.275a | ~27.5 c | ||||||||
Glycerol | 0.10a | ~10 g/Lc | ||||||||
[62] | ✓ | ✓ | Isobutanol | 0.0196 | 3.10 | Xylose, synthetic medium, fed-batch, conical tube, semi-anaerobic | ||||
2-Methyl-1-butanol | 0.0053 | 0.79 | ||||||||
Ethanol | 0.32a | <50c | ||||||||
Glycerol | b | b | ||||||||
[67] | ✓ | ✓ | 1,2-Propanediol | 0.129 | 4.3 | Glycerol, YP medium, batch, bioreactor, aerobic | ||||
Ethanol | ~0a | ~0c |
Bold = product of interest
Italics = by-product
Absence of ethanol or glycerol in a row indicates it was not detected or that the yield or titer was <0.01
Yield not directly reported. Yield is either read from a graph, converted from a molar yield, calculated as g/g consumed carbon source, or calculated by dividing production rate by carbon source uptake rate.
Not reported
Titer not directly reported. Titer is either read from a graph, converted from molar concentration, or calculated as g/L fed carbon source, which is quantified by multiplying the reported yield (g/g carbon source) by the carbon source concentration (g/L).
Acknowledgements:
This material is based upon work supported in part by the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under Award Number DE-SC0018409 and in part by the Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under Award Number DE-SC0018420). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Energy
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