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Effect of the UCNP concentration: (a) nanoindentation measurements and the obtained maximum indentation force at the radii of 0.1 R, 0.5 R, and 0.9 R from the cylinder axis (R = 2.5 mm, cylinder radius) and (b) representative force–displacement curves obtained during the indentation analysis. (c) The radiation lines generated by NIR laser and upconversion procedure from the center to the edge were imaged using a Leica DM5500 upright microscope.
