Table 1.
Characteristics of N = 1301 subjects with ADHD and N = 1301 matched unaffected controls included in the case-control analysis, as well as N = 10,113 subjects included in the analyses of ADHD-traits.
| Non-ADHD | ADHD | CBCL sample | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean (sd) or count (%) | Mean (sd) or count (%) | Stat | p | sig | es | Mean (sd) or count (%) |
| Age, years | 10.86 (2.05) | 10.86 (2.05) | t = 0.00 | ~1 | d = 0.00 | 10.74 (1.89) | |
| Subtype | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Combined Type | — | 370 (28.44%) | — | — | — | — | 392 (4.07%) |
| Hyperactive/Impulsive Type | — | 70 (5.38%) | — | — | — | — | 90 (0.93%) |
| Inattentive Type | — | 519 (39.89%) | — | — | — | — | 528 (5.49%) |
| ADHD-NOS | — | 103 (7.92%) | — | — | — | — | 116 (1.2%) |
| past-ADHD/ADHD in partial remission | — | 239 (18.37%) | — | — | — | — | 314 (3.26%) |
| Gender (M) | 855 (65.72%) | 855 (65.72%) | χ2 < 0.01 | ~1 | OR = 1.00 | 5045 (49.88%) | |
| Minutes of data | 12.73 (4.22) | 12.64 (4.29) | t = −0.54 | 0.59 | d = −0.02 | 15.37(4.64) | |
| Mean-RMS | 0.17 (0.05) | 0.17 (0.05) | t = −0.06 | 0.95 | d = −0.002 | 0.17 (0.05) | |
| CBCL-ADHD | 51.42 (2.9) | 61.03 (7.4) | t = 39.53 | <0.001 | *** | d = 1.71 | 53.18 (5.64) |
| CBCL-Internalizing | 47.84 (10.47) | 55.28 (10.66) | t = 16.39 | <0.001 | *** | d = 0.70 | 48.54 (10.72) |
| CBCL-CD | 51.99 (4.09) | 56.33 (7.77) | t = 16.19 | <0.001 | *** | d = 0.70 | 52.81 (5.36) |
| CBCL-ODD | 52.49 (4.23) | 57.57 (7.73) | t = 18.87 | <0.001 | *** | d = 0.81 | 53.38 (5.42) |
| Race | — | — | χ2 = 9.25 | 0.06 | V = 0.03 | ||
| Asian | 32 (2.89%) | 17 (1.57%) | — | — | — | — | 272 (2.74%) |
| Black/African American | 119 (10.75%) | 142 (13.12%) | — | — | — | — | 1248 (12.51%) |
| Mixed | 142 (12.83%) | 158 (14.6%) | — | — | — | — | 1213 (12.15%) |
| Other | 61 (5.51%) | 65 (6.01%) | — | — | — | — | 529 (5.3%) |
| White | 753 (68.02%) | 700 (64.7%) | — | — | — | — | 6716 (67.29%) |
| Ethnicity | — | — | χ2 = 1.57 | 0.21 | OR = 0.87 | ||
| Hispanic | 205 (18.65%) | 218 (20.9%) | — | — | — | 1955 (19.66%) | |
| Non-Hispanic/Latino | 894 (81.35%) | 825 (79.1%) | — | — | — | 7985 (80.33%) |
Note. For the case-control comparison there were N = 434 missing CBCL-ADHD, N = 434 missing CBCL-internalizing, N = 434 missing CBCL-CD, N = 434 missing CBCL-ODD, N = 413 missing race. N = 460 missing ethnicity. For the CBCL models, there were N = 494 missing diagnoses, N = 133 missing race, N = 173 missing ethnicity.
ADHD attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD-NOS attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder not otherwise specified, CBCL child behavior checklist, CBCL-ADHD child behavior checklist attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder t-score, CBCL-Internalizing child behavior checklist internalizing t-score, CBCL-CD child behavior checklist conduct disorder t-score, CBCL-ODD oppositional defiant disorder t-score, RMS root‐mean‐square.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.