TABLE 2.
Protein-Normalized Cytokine Concentrations in the Airway Fluid
| Cytokine (pg/mg Protein) | At-Risk for PARDS, N = 35 | Nonsevere PARDS, N = 34 | Severe PARDS, N = 13 |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1β | 73.3 (9.6–433.8) | 48.1 (7.6–146.2) | 26.8 (3.7–107.1)a |
| IL-4 | 7.3 (4.6–13.7) | 4.8 (3.3–12.4) | 11.1 (4.5–23.7)b |
| IL-5 | 0.3 (0.1–0.5) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 0.4 (0.3–2.5)a,b |
| IL-6 | 93.3 (37.7–158.5) | 99.1 (34.2–146.0) | 157.2 (45.3–304.8) |
| IL-7 | 3.8 (2.4–6.7) | 2.9 (0.9–10.4) | 6.8 (3.6–17.6)b |
| IL-8 | 752.8 (281.5–1433) | 569.5 (283.2–973.6) | 1,715 (372.9–4,192)b |
| IL-10 | 16.9 (7.1–49.6) | 12.6 (7.3–41.6) | 10.3 (3.6–34.2) |
| IL-12p70 | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 0.3 (0.2–0.7) | 0.5 (0.4–1.0)b |
| IL-13 | 0.3 (0.2–0.8) | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | 0.7 (0.5–1.3)b |
| IL-17A | 4.6 (2.8–6.9) | 3.6 (1.5–8.1) | 15.0 (3.3–20.9)b |
| IL-21 | 5.6 (3.2–10.3) | 5.4 (1.3–8.8) | 12.3 (5.3–17.8)b |
| IL-23 | 15.2 (8.5–29.5) | 11.6 (7.9–20.1) | 12.3 (9.3–28.7) |
| IFN-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant | 20.7 (9.1–123.9) | 17.7 (8.4–363.7) | 65.5 (16.7–174.7) |
| Fractalkine | 78.5 (39.0–132.2) | 39.7 (12.3–100.3)a | 186.9 (59.3–300.1)b |
| IFN gamma | 4.7 (2.0–8.1) | 4.3 (2.3–11.2) | 5.9 (3.9–13.4) |
| MIP-1α | 69.6 (22.8–195.5) | 66.3 (20.5–109.0) | 185.3 (13.8–273.0) |
| MIP-1β | 62.0 (31.2–127.7) | 59.6 (24.8–145.6) | 109.9 (53.0–245.2) |
| MIP-3α | 90.2 (22.2–183.9) | 40.2 (14.5–209.9) | 75.4 (26.9–544.4) |
| Tumor necrosis factor-α | 56.8 (7.4–176.3) | 17.2 (6.7–58.3) | 24.9 (8.5–151.9) |
| Receptor for advanced glycation end product | 20.9 (2.4–196.4) | 47.3 (2.6–391.4) | 25.8 (8.4–12,409) |
| soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 | 517.4 (380.5–923.7) | 647.8 (447.4–812.6) | 511.4 (411.1–833.0) |
IFN = Interferon, IL = interleukin, MIP = macrophage inflammatory protein, PARDS = pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.
a
p < 0.05 vs at-risk.
b
p < 0.05 vs nonsevere.
Data are shown as the median (25–75th percentile) and were logarithmically transformed prior to analysis.