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. 2022 Dec 21;30(2):209–224. doi: 10.1007/s12613-022-2544-y

A review of lithium extraction from natural resources

Yubo Liu 1,2, Baozhong Ma 1,2,3,✉, Yingwei Lü 1,2, Chengyan Wang 1,2,3,✉, Yongqiang Chen 1,2,3
PMCID: PMC9768727

Abstract

Lithium is considered to be the most important energy metal of the 21st century. Because of the development trend of global electrification, the consumption of lithium has increased significantly over the last decade, and it is foreseeable that its demand will continue to increase for a long time. Limited by the total amount of lithium on the market, lithium extraction from natural resources is still the first choice for the rapid development of emerging industries. This paper reviews the recent technological developments in the extraction of lithium from natural resources. Existing methods are summarized by the main resources, such as spodumene, lepidolite, and brine. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared. Finally, reasonable suggestions are proposed for the development of lithium extraction from natural resources based on the understanding of existing methods. This review provides a reference for the research, development, optimization, and industrial application of future processes.

Keywords: lithium, extraction, spodumene, lepidolite, brine

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52034002 and U1802253), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2019YFC1908401), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (No. FRF-TT-19-001).

Footnotes

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Contributor Information

Baozhong Ma, Email: bzhma_ustb@yeah.net.

Chengyan Wang, Email: chywang@yeah.net.

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