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. 2022 Dec 7;12(12):1829. doi: 10.3390/biom12121829

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Antimicrobial peptides and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) stimulated by SCFAs from the probiotic strains in (A) Caco-2 and (B) HIEC-6 cells, respectively. Lowercase letters indicate significant differences between mRNA expression parameters for each probiotic strain (p < 0.05). Uppercase letters indicate significant differences between different probiotic strains with respect to each expression parameter (antimicrobial peptides or anti-inflammatory cytokine) (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Mann–Whitney U test.