Inhibition of tumor growth in mice melanoma model by the anti-tumor effect of the V-A-mPD-1 strain. (A) Treatment schedule for mice bearing B16F10 melanoma models. (B) Changes in tumor volume over time in M, V-A, V-A-mPD-1 group. (C) Tumor size of mice in each group at day 25. (D) Images of tumor in M, V-A, V-A-mPD-1 group at day 25. M group, the melanoma mice were treated with sterilized saline; V-A group, the melanoma mice were intraperitoneally injected with VNP20009-Abvec-Igκ strain; V-A-mPD-1 group, the melanoma mice were given VNP20009-Abvec-Igκ-mPD-1 strain. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison for B and C. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 6). ** p < 0.01.