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. 2022 Nov 30;14(12):2689. doi: 10.3390/v14122689

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of 12 A/H3N2 influenza viruses characterized in the Apulia region of Italy in August 2022. Red dots represent strains identified from the outbreak and blue squares represent sporadic strains; green triangles represent the vaccine strains for the 2022–2023 season, and the orange triangle represents the vaccine strain for the 2021–2022 season. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega 11 software, applying the neighbor-joining algorithm. The evolutionary distances were calculated using the Kimura 2-parameter method. Amino acid substitutions defining specific genetic clusters are shown at the nodes. Genetic clades are shown to the right of the tree, and the scale bar represents the nucleotide substitutions per site (GISAID accession numbers: EPI2155546, EPI2155545, EPI2155544, EPI2155543, EPI2155541, EPI2155535, EPI2155534, EPI2155533, EPI2155532, EPI2163106, EPI2179877, and EPI2179878).