Table 2.
Results of the gene set enrichment analysis for Bombus kashmirensis.
| 4500 m vs. 4000 m | 5000 m vs. 4500 m | 5000 m vs. 4000 m | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enriched GO term | NES | Enriched GO term | NES | Enriched GO term | NES |
| RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity | −2.78 | G-protein coupled receptor activity | 3.00 | Odorant binding | 2.18 |
| Ligand-gated channel activity | −2.47 | Structural constituent of cuticle | 2.90 | Olfactory receptor activity | 2.16 |
| Ligand-gated ion channel activity | −2.25 | Transmembrane signaling receptor activity | 2.89 | G-protein coupled receptor activity | 2.13 |
| Extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity | −2.25 | Signaling receptor activity | 2.89 | Transmembrane signaling receptor activity | 2.12 |
| Motile cilium | −2.03 | Ligand-gated ion channel activity | 2.86 | Signaling receptor activity | 2.18 |
| Glutamate receptor activity | −2.00 | Ligand-gated channel activity | 2.82 | Intra-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport | −2.11 |
| Neurotransmitter receptor activity | −1.95 | Extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity | 2.70 | Protein kinase complex | −2.09 |
| Odorant binding | −1.94 | Extracellular region | 2.65 | Positive regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription | −2.07 |
| S-methyltransferase activity | 1.92 | Odorant binding | 2.58 | Positive regulation of RNA metabolic process | −2.07 |
| Ion channel complex | −1.91 | Molecular transducer activity | 2.53 | Cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex | −2.07 |
| Structural constituent of cuticle | −1.90 | Neurotransmitter receptor activity | 2.49 | Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | −2.05 |
| Protein lipidation | 1.90 | Olfactory receptor activity | 2.47 | Positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process | −2.05 |
| G-protein coupled receptor activity | −1.89 | Receptor ligand activity | 2.40 | Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment | −2.02 |
| 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-Glutamate-dependent methyltransferase activity | 1.89 | Hormone activity | 2.40 | Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | −2.01 |
| Ionotropic glutamate receptor activity | −1.88 | Signaling receptor binding | 2.39 | Positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process | −2.00 |
| Chitin binding | −1.88 | Cell–cell adhesion | 2.35 | Meiosis I cell cycle process | −1.99 |
| Olfactory receptor activity | −1.87 | Transmitter-gated ion channel activity | 2.35 | Positive regulation of gene expression | −1.98 |
| Transmitter-gated channel activity | −1.87 | Homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules | 2.34 | COPI vesicle coat | −1.98 |
| Steroid dehydrogenase activity | 1.87 | Motile cilium | 2.34 | Acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity | 1.97 |
| 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity | 1.86 | Transmitter-gated channel activity | 2.33 | Regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation | −1.97 |
The samples from the lower altitude were set as the control group in each analysis. The enriched gene ontology (GO) terms with the top 20 largest absolute normalized enrichment score (NES) are shown here. A positive NES indicates that the genes associated to this term were mainly upregulated in the higher altitude while a negative NES indicates the opposite. The terms shared in the three comparisons are in bold. The genes that contributed significantly to these terms are in Table S1.