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Serum cytokine levels of the three mouse groups at day 18. The serum concentrations of five cytokines were determined, i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13. Control group (NC): without DSS induction; DSS group (DSS): 2.5% DSS induction; HB1628 group (HB1628): 2.5% DSS and 0.2 mL of Bifidobacterium bifidum B1628 (n = eight per group; * represents p < 0.05, ** represents p < 0.01, *** represents p < 0.001).
