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Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics logoLink to Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
. 2022 Dec 15;24(12):1311–1312. [Article in Chinese] doi: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2209087

静脉注射免疫球蛋白无应答不完全性川崎病1例临床经验交流

Clinical experience in the treatment of incomplete Kawasaki disease with no response to intravenous immunoglobulin: a case report

YANG Zhao-Yu 1,2, LIU Jia-Yi 1, YAN Xian-Peng 2, JIAO Fu-Yong 2,
Editor: 王 颖
PMCID: PMC9785083  PMID: 36544409

Abstract

This article reports a case of incomplete Kawasaki disease with no response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). A girl, aged 1 year, had the symptoms of fever, rash, finger desquamation, and coronary artery ectasia. She still had fever at 36 hours after the first dose of IVIG treatment, and her temperature returned to normal after the second dose of IVIG treatment. The follow-up after 1 month showed that the coronary artery diameter returned to normal. This article summarizes the experience in the treatment of incomplete Kawasaki disease with no response to IVIG in order to reduce the incidence of coronary artery damage.

Keywords: Incomplete Kawasaki disease, Intravenous immunoglobulin, No response, Coronary artery damage, Infant


患儿,女,1岁,因间断发热伴咳嗽15 d入院。入院15 d前患儿无明显诱因出现发热,热峰39.6℃,伴阵发连声咳,无痰,给予口服布洛芬混悬液治疗1 d,体温降至正常,3~4 h后体温再次升高,仍有咳嗽,遂就诊于当地县医院。先后给予静脉滴注头孢噻肟钠4 d及甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠5 d后好转出院。入院2 d前患儿再次发热,热峰37.6℃,伴阵发连声咳,有痰,给予口服小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒治疗2 d,疗效不佳,遂来陕西省人民医院就诊。既往史、个人史及家族史无异常。入院体格检查:神志清楚,躯干部可见散在红色斑丘疹,突出皮面,压之褪色。咽充血,双侧扁桃体Ⅰ度肿大。两肺听诊呼吸音粗,可闻及痰鸣音。心腹体检无异常。辅助检查:胸部X线片示两肺纹理增重,考虑支气管炎;心、膈未见异常。

入院第1天患儿诊断为支气管炎,给予静脉滴注头孢他啶治疗2 d,无效。入院后查血常规:白细胞计数18.43×109/L(参考值:5.1×109/L~14.1×109/L),中性粒细胞比例0.875(参考值:0.13~0.55),血红蛋白96 g/L(参考值:107~141 g/L),C反应蛋白56.92 mg/L(参考值:<10 mg/L),红细胞沉降率53 mm/h(参考值:0~20 mm/h);心脏彩超示左、右冠状动脉内径增宽,左冠状动脉主管壁回声增强。入院第3天患儿指端出现脱皮,结合实验室检查结果,修正诊断为:(1)不完全性川崎病(incomplete Kawasaki disease,IKD);(2)支气管炎。停用头孢他啶,给予静脉注射免疫球蛋白(intravenous immunogloblin,IVIG)2 g/kg,口服阿司匹林30 mg/(kg·d)、双嘧达莫5 mg/(kg·d)治疗,患儿体温恢复正常,呼吸道症状、体征缓解,皮疹消退。IVIG治疗结束36 h后患儿再次发热,体温38.5℃,给予静脉滴注头孢曲松治疗1 d,体温降至正常。入院第10天复查心脏彩超示左、右冠状动脉内径较前缩小,遂出院。出院第4天,患儿再次发热,伴一过性散在红色斑疹及指端脱皮,遂再次入住我院。行心脏彩超示左、右冠状动脉内径增宽,诊断为IVIG无应答IKD,再次给予IVIG 2 g/kg治疗,患儿体温恢复正常。出院后1个月复查炎性指标及心脏彩超无异常。

讨论:川崎病(Kawasaki disease,KD)被纳入免疫系统疾病篇章,单独抗感染治疗效果不佳,该患儿确诊前已给予头孢类抗生素治疗6 d,但患儿仍有反复发热,病情呈进行性发展,再次验证KD并非单纯的感染性疾病,临床中遇到抗感染治疗效果不佳的反复发热,应警惕该疾病。考虑到糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid,GC)具有较多不良反应,在临床工作中我们应合理使用GC,尤其是面对KD患儿时,普遍认为GC单独用于KD的一线治疗会增加冠状动脉损害的发生,但其合理使用将有益于KD的治疗1-2。该患儿确诊前当地医院已给予GC治疗5 d,掩盖了病情,延误了最佳治疗时机3-5。该患儿发热时间>5 d,主要临床特征<4项,结合实验室指标及心脏彩超结果,符合IKD的诊断标准6。第一剂IVIG治疗结束36 h后,患儿出现发热,体温>38.0℃,且出院4 d后再次发热,伴一过性皮疹及指端脱皮,排除了病毒感染、结缔组织病、免疫缺陷病及恶性疾病引起的反复发热,故诊断为IVIG无应答IKD7。对于IVIG无应答KD患儿,可再次给予同等剂量的IVIG、GC或IVIG联合GC治疗,利妥昔单抗一般作为IVIG无应答KD患儿的挽救治疗或在重症KD患儿中与IVIG联合使用18-9。该病例再次证明对IVIG无应答KD患儿再次给予IVIG治疗有效。目前推荐IVIG的使用剂量为2 g/(kg·d),其可降低IVIG无应答及冠状动脉损害的发生率10

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Articles from Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics are provided here courtesy of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University

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