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. 2022 Dec 26;10:238. doi: 10.1186/s40168-022-01386-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Genes in old mice are upregulated by FMT from young mice. A Volcano plot of fold changes (FCs) and P values for Old^Y versus Old^O in the colon (n = 3). Gene (P ≤ 0.001) names with the highest fold change in Old^O or Old^Y are shown. B FC levels of death-related (39), proliferation-related (26), differentiation-related (142), and potassium transport-related (9) marker genes in colon. C Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for Old^Y vs. Old^O in the colon. GSEA reveals positive enrichment of serotonin receptor activity and G-protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity gene sets in the Old^Y colon. D Volcano plot of FCs and P values for Old^Y vs. Old^O in the muscle (n = 3). E FC levels of differentiation-related (100), proliferation-related (17), fatty acid synthesis-related (8), and neutral lipid metabolism-related (11) marker genes in the muscle. F Top 20 KEGG pathways overrepresented in the muscle of Old^Y (n = 3) based on the NES score. G Volcano plot of FCs and P value for Old^Y (n = 2) vs. Old^O (n = 3) in skin. H FC levels of aging-related (10), death-related (27), differentiation-related (58), and migration-related (15) marker genes in skin. I GSEA for Old^Y vs. Old^O in skin. GSEA reveals enrichment of “cell junction maintenance” and “epithelial structure maintenance” in the Old^Y skin. P value cutoff for DEGs is 0.01