Table 1.
Protein content, protein recovery and total amino acid content (g/100 g protein) in control sample (SPC) and hydrolysates obtained with different proteases. Results are expressed as means ± standard deviation (n = 3).
| SPC | Alc | Neu | Ever | Umam | Pap | Alc-Flav | Neu-Flav | FAO Reference Protein [40] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein content, % dw | 70.96 | 83.07 | 81.25 | 82.17 | 81.29 | 84.91 | 82.85 | 80.23 | |
| Protein recovery, % | - | 69.39 | 72.04 | 75.93 | 68.59 | 78.17 | 82.19 | 68.24 | |
| Amino acid content, g/100 g protein | |||||||||
| Arginine | 6.49 ± 0.06 | 9.33 ± 0.09 | 10.27 ± 0.03 | 7.13 ± 0.05 | 6.50 ± 0.11 | 6.50 ± 0.07 | 8.52 ± 0.04 | 6.32 ± 0.09 | |
| L-Lysine | 6.54 ± 0.08 | 7.69 ± 0.12 | 6.84 ± 0.09 | 7.31 ± 0.07 | 9.59 ± 0.15 | 9.77 ± 0.14 | 8.56 ± 0.10 | 8.66 ± 0.13 | 5.8 (6.6) |
| L-Alanine | 5.19 ± 0.10 | 3.99 ± 0.04 | 4.11 ± 0.15 | 4.27 ± 0.14 | 3.90 ± 0.08 | 4.35 ± 0.20 | 4.40 ± 0.12 | 4.29 ± 0.010 | |
| L-Threonine | 3.58 ± 0.12 | 3.89 ± 0.09 | 3.99 ± 0.14 | 4.20 ± 0.16 | 3.73 ± 0.15 | 4.02 ± 0.08 | 4.09 ± 0.07 | 4.05 ± 0.11 | 3.4 (4.3) |
| Glycine | 3.97 ± 0.16 | 3.85 ± 0.11 | 3.85 ± 0.10 | 3.99 ± 0.05 | 3.83 ± 0.08 | 4.30 ± 0.09 | 3.99 ± 0.11 | 4.02 ± 0.13 | |
| L-Valine | 4.45 ± 0.17 | 4.02 ± 0.12 | 4.40 ± 0.15 | 4.00 ± 0.14 | 3.86 ± 0.09 | 4.63 ± 0.10 | 4.72 ± 0.08 | 4.95 ± 0.06 | 3.5 (5.5) |
| L-Serine | 5.04 ± 0.08 | 5.34 ± 0.09 | 5.38 ± 0.06 | 5.70 ± 0.04 | 5.38 ± 0.10 | 5.27 ± 0.09 | 5.51 ± 0.11 | 5.56 ± 0.10 | |
| L-Proline | 5.29 ± 0.13 | 5.57 ± 0.06 | 5.40 ± 0.11 | 5.59 ± 0.10 | 5.70 ± 0.09 | 5.91 ± 0.12 | 5.49 ± 0.015 | 5.72 ± 0.08 | |
| L-Isoleucine | 4.73 ± 0.09 | 4.23 ± 0.12 | 4.49 ± 0.05 | 4.16 ± 0.04 | 4.21 ± 0.07 | 4.45 ± 0.09 | 4.75 ± 0.11 | 5.09 ± 0.12 | 2.8 * (4.6) |
| L-Leucine | 7.71 ± 0.16 | 7.10 ± 0.07 | 7.46 ± 0.06 | 7.06 ± 0.08 | 6.57 ± 0.18 | 6.78 ± 0.15 | 7.56 ± 0.09 | 7.57 ± 0.07 | 6.6(9.3) |
| L-Methionine | 1.67 ± 0.11 | 1.25 ± 0.08 | 1.31 ± 0.06 | 1.31 ± 0.09 | 1.24 ± 0.06 | 1.35 ± 0.07 | 1.43 ± 0.05 | 1.34 ± 0.10 | 2.5 * (4.2) |
| L-Histidine | 2.61 ± 0.08 | 2.74 ± 0.06 | 2.50 ± 0.06 | 2.67 ± 0.06 | 2.48 ± 0.06 | 2.41 ± 0.06 | 2.41 ± 0.06 | 2.58 ± 0.06 | 1.90 (2.6) |
| L-Phenylalanine | 4.34 ± 0.07 | 4.71 ± 0.09 | 4.84 ± 0.10 | 4.95 ± 0.14 | 4.71 ± 0.09 | 4.95 ± 0.14 | 5.31 ± 0.16 | 4.89 ± 0.07 | 6.3 ** (7.2) |
| L-Glutamic acid | 20.46 ± 0.12 | 19.85 ± 0.14 | 20.03 ± 0.09 | 21.07 ± 0.07 | 19.32 ± 0.05 | 17.27 ± 0.12 | 16.53 ± 0.11 | 16.42 ± 0.10 | |
| L-Aspartic acid | 10.99 ± 0.16 | 11.25 ± 0.10 | 9.70 ± 0.14 | 11.17 ± 0.06 | 13.86 ± 0.13 | 12.47 ± 0.11 | 11.22 ± 0.08 | 13.39 ± 0.09 | |
| Cystine | 1.68 ± 0.13 | 1.61 ± 0.05 | 1.64 ± 0.06 | 2.08 ± 0.11 | 2.13 ± 0.12 | 1.92 ± 0.09 | 1.71 ± 0.08 | 1.64 ± 0.05 | |
| L-Tyrosine | 4.33 ± 0.06 | 3.57 ± 0.12 | 3.78 ± 0.10 | 3.34 ± 0.08 | 2.98 ± 0.14 | 3.65 ± 0.13 | 3.79 ± 0.12 | 3.51 ± 0.10 | |
| ƩEAA | 35.64 | 35.63 | 35.84 | 35.66 | 36.40 | 38.37 | 38.83 | 39.13 | 32.8 (44.3) |
Results are expressed as means ± standard deviation (n = 3). AAS-amino acid score for NeuFlav hydrolysate for EAA: Lys: 1.5; Thr: 1.2; Val: 1.3; Ile: 1.8; Leu: 1.1; L-Met + Cystine: 1.2; L-His: 1.4; L-Phe+Tyr: 1.3; * Methionine + Cystine; ** Phenylalanine + Tyrosine.