. 2022 Dec 30;15(1):186. doi: 10.3390/nu15010186

Table 4.

Concentrations of RBC, Hb, HTC, and Myoglobin of athletes supplemented with colostrum bovine and with placebo.

Variables	Before Supplementation			p Value			After Supplementation			p Value
	Pre-Exercise x ± SD	Post-Exercise x ± SD	Recovery x ± SD	Pre CON vs. SUPL	Post CON vs. SUPL	Recovery CON vs. SUPL	Pre-Exercise x ± SD	Post-Exercise x ± SD	Recovery x ± SD	Pre CON vs. SUPL	Post CON vs. SUPL	Recovery CON vs. SUPL
RBC (10⁹ × mL⁻¹)
PLACEBO	4.36 ± 0.37	4.52 ± 0.37	4.19 ± 0.34 ^c	0.929	0.936	0.094	4.63 ± 0.45	4.88 ± 0.45	4.31 ± 0.27 ^c	0.998	0.019	0.873
COLOSTRUM	4.22 ± 0.25	4.35 ± 0.27	3.83 ± 0.37 ^b	0.929	0.936	0.094	4.50 ± 0.45	4.35 ± 0.27	4.42 ± 0.21	0.998	0.019	0.873
Hb (g × L⁻¹)
PLACEBO	13.51 ± 1.20	13.89 ± 1.13 ^a	12.62 ± 1.16 ^b	0.962	0.994	0.540	13.93 ± 1.07	14.80 ± 1.75	12.95 ± 0.78 ^b	0.845	0.579	0.999
COLOSTRUM	13.21 ± 0.78	13.54 ± 0.75 ^a	11.95 ± 0.91 ^b	0.962	0.994	0.540	13.27 ± 0.44	13.99 ± 0.73	12.80 ± 1.01 ^b	0.845	0.579	0.999
HTC (%)
PLACEBO	37.84 ± 3.05	39.13 ± 2.93 ^a	35.82 ± 2.83 ^b	0.823	0.788	0.023	40.95 ± 3.27	43.73 ± 4.86	37.94 ± 2.30 ^b	0.772	0.376	0.999
COLOSTRUM	36.74 ± 2.01	37.6 ± 1.87 ^a	32.76 ± 2.57 ^b	0.823	0.788	0.023	38.89 ± 1.35	41.01 ± 1.87 ^a	37.70 ± 2.67 ^b	0.772	0.376	0.999
Mioglobin (µg × L⁻¹)
PLACEBO	17.11 ± 5.03	19.06 ± 3.04 ^a	29.69 ± 3.85 ^b	0.309	0.203	0.994	25.69 ± 8.31	27.27 ± 6.60	29.60 ± 7.25	0.964	0.671	0.716
COLOSTRUM	19.27 ± 3.50	21.21 ± 2.13 ^a	29.41 ± 2.92 ^b	0.309	0.203	0.994	26.51 ± 10.87	28.25 ± 8.43	29.82 ± 7.47	0.964	0.671	0.716

Note. Values are presented as mean ± SD; Significant differences p < 0,05; ^a Pre-exercise vs. Post-exercise; ^b Pre-exercise vs. Recovery; ^c Post-exercise vs. Recovery. RBC red blood cells; Hb hemoglobin; HTC hematocrit; TIBC, total iron-binding capacity; UIBC, unsaturated iron-binding capacity. Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.