Table 2. The Psychological Associations with Eczema.

AE: atopic eczema, AR: atopic rhinitis, RR: relative risk

Author (Year)	Purpose of Study	Type of Study	Outcomes and Results	Conclusions
Drucker AM et al., 2018 [1]	To determine the link between eczema and a patient's later risk of suicide death.	Double-matched case-control study.	The connection between eczema and suicide death was estimated using logistic regression. Chronic eczema is linked to a higher risk of suicide.	Patients with persistent eczema were at a slightly increased risk of suicide in the future, despite the fact that this is dependent on the patient's general mental health and the absolute risk is low. Physicians who care for these individuals have the opportunity to intervene to prevent suicide.
Bao Q et al., 2018 [2]	To look into the link between eczema and the risk of depression.	Systematic review	The pooled RR for eczema and depression risk was 2.02 (95% CI 1.76 to 2.31, I2 = 33.7%).	Patients with eczema were found to have a higher risk of depression. According to these findings, clinical practitioners should continue to be mindful of the link between eczema and the risk of depression.
Schonmann Y et al., 2022 [3]	The purpose of this study was to look at the relationship between atopic eczema and new depression/anxiety.	Matched cohort study	Atopic eczema was linked to a higher rate of new depression and anxiety.	Adults with atopic eczema are more likely to experience anxiety and sadness. There was a dose-response association between depression and the severity of atopic eczema.
Ring J et al., 2019 [4]	To shed light on the genuine pain and individual burden of disease experienced by adult AE patients: Between October 2017 and March 2018, experienced interviewers conducted a computer-assisted telephone interview. The Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D), and a newly designed Atopic Eczema Score of Emotional Consequences were used to assess the severity and measure the quality of life (AESEC). Patients were also asked to rate the severity of their illness on a scale of one to ten.	Observational study	When asked how they felt about their eczema, 57% said they were emotionally burdened by feelings like "trying to hide eczema," "feeling guilty about eczema," "issues with relationships," and more. Eighty-eight percent of people with severe AE reported that their condition had hampered their ability to face life in some way.	Adults with a moderate to severe type of AE suffer more than would be considered tolerable, according to this real-life study.
Yaghmaie P et al., 2013 [45]	aimed to determine the mental health burden linked with Atopic Dermatitis in children in the United States.	Cross-sectional study	The incidence of a mental health issue and the reported severity of the skin illness had a clear dose-dependent connection.	In the US pediatric population, there is a strong link between mental health issues and Atopic Dermatitis. The strength of the link is affected by the degree of skin illness.
Chang HY et al., 2013 [50]	Using data from a community survey, researchers looked into the link between three common allergic disorders: asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), atopic dermatitis, and psychological and behavioral issues in preschoolers.	Cross-sectional survey	In the study, those diagnosed with AR had considerably higher internalizing and sleep difficulties scores. Attention issues and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder scores were greater in preschoolers who had been treated for atopic dermatitis in the previous 12 months. According to the Atopic Dermatitis Scoring Index, sleep problems were more severe in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease patients than in control and mild Alzheimer's disease patients. It was found that the number of eosinophils in peripheral blood was strongly linked to how hard it was to sleep.	The three major allergy disorders have different psychological and behavioral issues, with asthma having a weaker link and AR and AD having a stronger association. The findings of this study could lead to the discovery of common underlying processes in allergy disorders as well as psychological and behavioral-related issues.
Park J et al., 2011 [52]	To look at the link between psychosocial aspects and symptoms of allergy illnesses, as well as the link between behavioral issues and atopy biomarkers.	Cross-sectional survey	Children with asthmatic symptoms had significantly more externalizing problems, while children with both asthma and allergic rhinitis symptoms had significantly more internalizing problems. Children with allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis had much worse social adjustments. Boys who tested positive for more allergens via skin prick testing had greater internalizing issues.	While it has been documented that school students with allergic symptoms have more difficulty with psychosocial adaptation, the patterns of psychosocial problems vary depending on the type of atopic illness. There was a link between atopy and behavioral issues, particularly in boys.