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. 2022 May 9;10:e83231. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.10.e83231

New records of fifteen species of Fulgoromorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera) in Bulgaria

Ilia Gjonov 1,✉
PMCID: PMC9848587  PMID: 36761645

Abstract

Background

Bulgarian planthopper fauna (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) are relatively well studied, with 164 known species from 77 genera and 11 families. Data for some species from previous studies were reported without any localities or were incomplete and need to be updated.

New information

In the present study, 13 species of planthoppers are recorded for the first time in Bulgaria - Hyalesthesmlokosiewiczi Signoret, 1879 (Cixiidae), Delphaxarmeniacus Anufriev, 1970, Euidesspeciosa (Boheman, 1845), Eurysulalurida (Fieber, 1866), Florodelphaxparyphasma (Flor, 1861), Jassidaeuslugubris (Signoret, 1865), Metropisaris Asche, Drosopoulos & Hoch, 1983, Oncodelphaxpullula (Boheman, 1852), Ribautodelphaximitans (Ribaut, 1953), R.pungens (Ribaut, 1953), Stenocranusmajor (Kirschbaum, 1868) (Delphacidae), Latilicamaculipes (Melichar, 1906) and Tshurtshurnellaextrema Dlabola, 1980 (Issidae). Species from the following five genera are recorded in Bulgaria for the first time: Euides Fieber, 1866, Eurysula Vilbaste, 1968, Jassidaeus Fieber, 1866, Oncodelphax Wagner, 1963 (Delphacidae) and Latilica Emeljanov, 1971 (Issidae). As a result, the total numbers of known planthopper species and genera in Bulgaria become 177 species and 82 genera. The dataset of all collected specimens presented in this work was provided separately through Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Detailed distribution of the species and comments on those from the European Red Lists are also provided.

Keywords: Fulgoroidea, fauna, the Balkans, Cixiidae, Delphacidae, Issidae, Dictyopharidae

Introduction

Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) are hemimetabolous insects belonging to the order Hemiptera. They are widespread throughout the world, but most families are richer in the tropics. About 14,000 species of fulgoromorphs have been described worldwide, belonging to 36 families (including fossils) (Bourgoin 2022) and about 730 species from 13 families are known in Europe (Hoch 2013). In Bulgaria, as well as on the Balkan Peninsula as a whole, insects of the infraorder Fulgoromorpha have been insufficiently studied from faunal, taxonomic and biological points of view. Data from older studies are incomplete and often need to be confirmed. There are no faunal lists, monographs, identification keys or other overview publications for Bulgaria. This, as well as the economic importance of the group, necessitates a comprehensive and up-to-date study of the Fulgoromorpha species in Bulgaria.

Materials and methods

The material was collected in Bulgaria between 2003 and 2021 by using sweeping nets and light towers. After collection, they were preserved in dry conditions on cotton mattresses. The specimens were dry-mounted on paper boards after humidification. Dissections were performed when necessary for identification and the dissected genitalia were glued to the boards. Due to the lack of identification keys for Balkan Fulgoromorpha, identification data were used from various publications (Holzinger et al. 2003, Biedermann and Niedringhaus 2009, Emeljanov 2015). The specimens are digitised and stored at the Zoological Collection of Sofia University (BFUS). The dataset of all records presented in this work has been published separately through Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (Gjonov 2022). Each entry of the dataset includes a single collection specimen with individual collection number, geospacial information, date of collecting, storing collection and taxonomic affiliation.

Detailed distribution of the species and comments on those from the European Red Lists are also provided. The following abbreviations concerning conservation status of the species where used: CR - Critically Endangered (IUCN) and category "2" in German Red Lists, EN - Endangered (IUCN) and category "2" in German Red Lists, VU - Vulnerable and category "V" in German Red Lists.

Some species were photographed live by the author with a Canon EOS 70D DSLR camera, Canon MP-E 65 mm macro lens using an Yongnuo YN-24EX twin macro flash or with Olympus E-500 DSLR camera, Sigma 150mm F2.8 APO MACRO DG and Raynox DCR-250 macro lens attached using Bower SFD14C ring flash.

Checklists

Fulgoromorpha Evans, 1946

Cixiidae

Spinola, 1839

284F3298-CDB3-50F9-A9ED-7437682E5AE0

Hyalesthes

Signoret, 1865

18FD2692-8E74-5F63-AC6F-C72C6F70414C

Hyalesthes mlokosiewiczi

Signoret, 1879

424E02B9-2A84-52EA-834D-5ABBC0EA5566

Distribution

Greece (Rhodos), Georgia (Melichar 1914), Cyprus, Lebanon, Iraq, Israel as H.mavromoustakisi and H.aither (Dlabola 1959, Hoch 1990), Turkey (Lodos and Kalkandelen 1980, Demir 2007, Demir and Demirsoy 2009, Demirel and Hasbenli 2015), Iran (Dlabola 1981, Mozaffarian and Wilson 2011, Mozaffarian 2018), Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan (Dlabola 1958), Armenia (Lindberg 1960), Azerbaijan, Russia (Krasnodar, Dagestan) (Emeljanov 2015).

Notes

First record for Bulgaria. Western Danube Plain: Guljantsi vill., 07.viii.2021, 2♂♂ and 2♀♀ (Fig. 1); Western Rhodopes Mts.:, Djadovci vill., 26.v.2014, 9♂♂ and 4♀♀; Bachkovo vill., 29.v.2021, 1♂; Eastern Rhodopes Mts.: Zimzelen vill., 25.v.2014, 3♂♂ and 1♀; Bjal Gradec vill., 02.vi.2015, 2♂♂ and 1 nymph; Dolno Lukovo vill., 01.vi.2015, 1♂. All specimens were collected on Salix shrubs. Detailed occurrence data: Gjonov (2022).

Hyalesthesmlokosiewiczi Signoret, 1879 - Bulgaria, Danube Plain.

Figure 1a.

Figure 1a.

dorsal view

Figure 1b.

Figure 1b.

frontal view

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This species is recorded as a pest in the Caucasus (Emeljanov 2015) and Iran (Mozaffarian 2014, Mozaffarian 2018). Although it is hardly a danger to crops in Bulgaria (being found only on willow bushes), it should be monitored in the future.

Red Lists: No assessment.

Host plant: Polyphagous (Emeljanov 2015).

Delphacidae

Leach, 1815

F0828B3C-4E7F-5D9C-89F3-6BDE6C1E3725

Delphax

Fabricius, 1789

FA78AB25-5F05-52DF-886F-06B942C0E86C

Delphax armeniacus

Anufriev, 1970

4AF027A0-5AB7-51D0-AE7F-1C81D475F4FD

Distribution

Ukraine (Nast 1987), Greece (Drosopoulos 1982b, Drosopoulos et al. 1983), Armenia (Anufriev 1970), North-western Caucasus, Kazakhstan (Mitjaev 2015).

Notes

First record for Bulgaria. Southern Black Sea coast: Sinemorec vill., the mouth of Veleka River, at light, near a marsh, 14.viii.2010, 1♂. Detailed occurrence data: Gjonov (2022).

Red Lists: No assessment.

Host plant: There are no literature data. Although the specimen was collected in light, it is assumed that it came from the nearest Phragmitesaustralis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. plantation, the typical host-plant for Delphax species (Nickel 2003b).

Euides

Fieber, 1866

18721F12-F1A9-5D13-9598-6E7B9F308E3B

Euides speciosa

(Boheman, 1845)

35420FBA-CC70-56DE-AA67-AE6D02BF4748

Distribution

Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia (Karelia) (Söderman et al. 2009), Germany, Austria, Switzerland (Mühlethaler et al. 2018), Luxembourg (Niedringhaus et al. 2010a), as E.basilinea (Germar, 1821). Synonimisation is refuted by Della Giustina (2019) for the North of Europe. France (Della Giustina 2019), Hungary (Asche 1982a), ex-Yugoslavia (Asche 1982b), Belarus (Borodin 2004), Kazakhstan (Mitjaev 1971), Korea (Park and Jung 2020), Japan (Hayashi and Fujinuma 2016).

Notes

New record for Bulgaria. Western Danube Plain: Archar vill., 04.v.2015, 1♂; Southern Black Sea coast: Atia vill., 22.viii.2016, 1♂. Detailed occurrence data: Gjonov (2022).

Red Lists: EN: Saxony (Walter et al. 2003); VU: (under the name E.basilinea): Bavaria (Nickel 2003a), Tyrphobionts and Tyrphophils of Hanoverian Moor Geest (Nickel and Gärtner 2009), Watercourses and Springs on the Hoher Trauchberg, Eastern Allgäu/Bavarian Alps (Bückle and Guglielmino 2011) and Germany (Nickel et al. 2016).

Host plant: Phragmitesaustralis (Della Giustina 2019).

Eurysula

Vilbaste, 1968

279E9B72-DF85-5D7B-826D-71661BD81619

Eurysula lurida

(Fieber, 1866)

6D319526-D699-5381-B087-FA2F506D6B0F

Distribution

Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Russia (Karelia) (Söderman et al. 2009), Great Britain (Le Quesne and Payne 1981), Ireland, Belgium, France (Della Giustina 2019), Netherlands (Gravestein 1976), Luxembourg (Niedringhaus et al. 2010a, Niedringhaus et al. 2010b), Germany (Nickel and Remane 2002), Poland (Gębicki et al. 2013, Walczak 2016), Ukraine (Logvinenko 1975), Spain (Aguin-Pombo et al. 2007, Aguin-Pombo et al. 2008, Italy (Sicily) (D'Urso 1995), Switzerland (Mühlethaler et al. 2018), Austria (Holzinger 1996a, Holzinger 1996b, Kahapka and Kunz 2011, Kunz and Kahapka 2012, Holzinger et al. 2017), Czech Republic (Malenovský 2006, Malenovský et al. 2011, Malenovský and Lauterer 2012), Hungary (Asche 1982a, Orosz 2008, Orosz 2009), Slovenia (Seljak 2016), Kazakhstan, Mongolia (Mitjaev 2015), ex-Yugoslavia (Asche 1982b).

Notes

First record for Bulgaria. Eastern Sub-Balkan Basins: Ajtos, 23.vi.2016, 11♂♂, 1♀ and 4 nymphs; Western Rhodopes Mts: Poljana vill., 28.v.2014, 2♂♂, 2♀♀ and 5 nymphs. Detailed occurrence data: Gjonov (2022).

Red Lists: It is assessed as not endangered in some countries of Central Europe.

Host plant: Calamagrostisepigeios (L.) Roth, C.canescens (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Roth (Nickel 2003b).

Florodelphax

Vilbaste, 1968

E20AE414-87C6-514B-BD4F-F2DD00DB3100

Florodelphax paryphasma

(Flor, 1861)

A0E055F8-1160-5AF6-9A2D-2E781A5870A4

Distribution

Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Russia (Karelia) (Söderman et al. 2009), Luxembourg (Niedringhaus et al. 2010a), Belgium (Baugnée 2004), France (Della Giustina and Remane 2001), Austria (Holzinger and Kunz 2006), Czech Republic (Preisler and Lauterer 2003, Malenovský and Lauterer 2010), Slovenia (Holzinger and Seljak 2001), ex-Yugoslavia (Asche 1982b), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Baikal (Irkutsk) (Mitjaev 2015).

Notes

First record for Bulgaria. Sarnena Sredna Gora: Svezhen vill., marsh, 11.viii.2020, 2 ♂♂. Detailed occurrence data: Gjonov (2022).

Red Lists: CR: Saxony (Walter et al. 2003), Austria (Holzinger 2009); Czech Republic (Malenovský and Lauterer 2017); EN: Bavaria (Nickel 2003a), Saxony-Anhalt (Witsack and Nickel 2004), Thuringia (Nickel and Sander 2016).

Host plant: On Carexdisticha Huds. (Nickel 2003b).

Jassidaeus

Fieber, 1866

57F2BB61-5572-5B80-8A43-5673459264AB

Jassidaeus lugubris

(Signoret, 1865)

97D9BB1A-B99D-53BC-876E-094759D3E170

Distribution

Belgium, France (Della Giustina 2019), Luxembourg (Niedringhaus et al. 2010a), Germany (Nickel and Remane 2003), Poland (Gębicki et al. 2013), Ukraine (Logvinenko 1975), Russia (European parts) (Emel'yanov 1967, Smirnova and Anufriev 2014), Spain, Portugal (Remane and Fröhlich 1994), Italy (Sicily) (D'Urso 1995), Austria (Holzinger 1996b, Holzinger and Kunz 2006), Czech Republic, Slovakia (Dlabola 1977, Malenovský and Lauterer 2012), Hungary (Asche 1982a, Orosz 2009), Romania (Orosz and Tóth 2016), Greece (Drosopoulos et al. 1983).

In the General Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Metcalf 1943) is probably mistakenly recorded for Ceylon without referring to the literature source.

Notes

First record for Bulgaria. Western Pre-Balkan: Rumjancevo vill., 01.x.2016, 1♂; Belasitsa Mt: Varshilo loc., 01.i.2014, 7♂♂ and 4♀♀ (Fig. 2). Detailed occurrence data: Gjonov (2022).

Jassidaeuslugubris (Signoret, 1865) - Bulgaria, Belasitsa Mt.

Figure 2a.

Figure 2a.

male

Figure 2b.

Figure 2b.

female

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Red Lists: CR: Saxony (Walter et al. 2003), Austria (Holzinger 2009), Turingia (Nickel and Sander 2016), Germany (Nickel et al. 2016); EN: Bavaria (Nickel 2003a), Saxony-Anhalt (Witsack and Nickel 2004); VU: Czech Republic (Malenovský and Lauterer 2017).

Host plant: Festucaovina L. and perhaps also Stipacapillata L. (Nickel 2003b).

Metropis

Fieber, 1866

8430A70D-730A-5961-92CD-CCB23219859E

Metropis aris

Asche, Drosopoulos & Hoch, 1983

59AB60F6-37D7-5A2A-9A19-CC3AE7B41585

Distribution

Greece (Drosopoulos et al. 1983), Slovenia (Seljak 2004, Seljak 2016)

Notes

First record for Bulgaria. Strandzha Mt: Goljamo Bukovo vill., 05.v.2009, 1♂. Detailed occurrence data: Gjonov (2022).

Red Lists: No assessment.

Host plant: Unknown.

Oncodelphax

Wagner, 1963

1FD7C375-D754-5232-9243-261A35E77144

Oncodelphax pullula

(Boheman, 1852)

446EE6AE-67CA-545E-A80D-A031AD0E0F08

Distribution

Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Russia (Karelia and Leningrad Region) (Söderman et al. 2009), Poland (Gębicki et al. 2013),Germany (Nickel and Remane 2003), Great Britain, Ireland, France, Belgium, Switzerland (Della Giustina 2019), Belarus (Borodin 2004), Austria (Kunz and Plank 2002), Czech Republic (Malenovský et al. 2014), Slovenia (Seljak 2016), Hungary (Asche 1982a), Romania (Orosz and Tóth 2016).

Notes

First record for Bulgaria. Strandzha Mt: Goljamo Bukovo vill., 05.v.2009, 10♂♂ and 7♀ (Fig. 3). Detailed occurrence data: Gjonov (2022).

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

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Oncodelphaxpullula (Boheman, 1852), male - Bulgaria, Strandzha Mt.

Red Lists: EN: Carinthia (Austria) (Holzinger 1999), Bavaria (Nickel 2003a), Saxony (Walter et al. 2003), Saxony-Anhalt (Witsack and Nickel 2004), Austria (Holzinger 2009), Germany (Nickel et al. 2016), Watercourses and Springs on the Hoher Trauchberg, Eastern Allgäu/Bavarian Alps (Bückle and Guglielmino 2011); VU: Czech Republic’s Red List (Malenovský and Lauterer 2017).

Host plant: Mainly Carexnigra (L.) Reichard (Nickel 2003b).

Ribautodelphax

Wagner, 1963

B67E28EA-9BF5-5C68-901D-C4E33688B566

Ribautodelphax imitans

(Ribaut, 1953)

B9C5C09B-969D-5614-BFC2-ED4ADA1269B9

Distribution

Great Britain (Le Quesne and Payne 1981), Belgium (Della Giustina 2019), Netherlands (den Bieman and Mol 2010), Luxembourg (Niedringhaus et al. 2010a), Switzerland (Mühlethaler et al. 2018), Germany (Nickel and Remane 2002), Poland (Gębicki et al. 2013), Spain (Aguin-Pombo et al. 2007), France (den Bieman 1987), Italy (Guglielmino et al. 2005, Guglielmino and Bückle 2008, Carl 2008), Austria (Holzinger 1996b, Holzinger et al. 2020), Czech Republic (Malenovský and Lauterer 2010, Malenovský and Lauterer 2012), Hungary (Györffy et al. 2009), Romania (Orosz and Tóth 2016), Slovenia (Holzinger and Seljak 2001), Croatia (Nast 1987), Greece (den Bieman 1987), Kazakhstan (Mitjaev 2015).

Notes

First record for Bulgaria. Sarnena Sredna Gora Mt: Prjaporets vill., 14.viii.2020, 1♂. Detailed occurrence data: Gjonov (2022).

Red Lists: EN: Bavaria (Nickel 2003a); VU: Austria (Holzinger 2009).

Host plant: FestucaarundinaceaSchreb.subsp.fenas (Lag.) Arcang. (den Bieman 1987).

Ribautodelphax pungens

(Ribaut, 1953)

018D01EA-F481-5FBE-A518-973E6E82E25D

Distribution

Sweden (Söderman et al. 2009), Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia (Della Giustina 2019), Luxembourg (Niedringhaus et al. 2010a), Poland (Gębicki et al. 2013), Russia (European parts) (Smirnova and Anufriev 2014), Great Britain (Le Quesne and Payne 1981), Switzerland (Mühlethaler et al. 2018), Spain (Aguin-Pombo et al. 2007), France (Corsica) (Bonfils and Della Giustina 1978), Italy (Guglielmino et al. 2005, Guglielmino and Bückle 2008), Austria (Holzinger 1996b, Kunz and Plank 2002), Czech Republic (Malenovský 2006, Malenovský et al. 2011), Hungary (Orosz 2009), Greece (den Bieman 1988).

Notes

First record for Bulgaria. Sarnena Sredna Gora: Prjaporets vill., 14.viii.2020, 1♂; Eastern Rhodopes: Kokiche vill., 06.v.2003, 1♂; Strandzha Mt: Izgrev vill., Marina reka loc., 08.v.2009, 2♂♂ and 2♀♀. Detailed occurrence data: Gjonov (2022).

Red Lists: EN: Saxony (Walter et al. 2003).

Host plant: different Brachypodium species (den Bieman 1987); monophagous on Brachypodiumpinnatum (L.) P. Beauv (Nickel 2003b).

Stenocranus

Fieber, 1866

7547CDAC-04AA-5A22-90E0-6FA072AB0DD6

Stenocranus major

(Kirschbaum, 1868)

B9FB7414-103E-5FB0-B516-AF82E404101E

Distribution

Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Latvia (Söderman et al. 2009), Ireland, Great Britain, Belgium, Switzerland, Ukraine, Spain, France (Della Giustina 2019), Netherlands (den Bieman 1993, den Bieman et al. 2021), Russia (European parts) (Anufriev and Bayanov 2002, Söderman et al. 2009), Belarus (Borodin 2004), Luxembourg (Niedringhaus et al. 2010a), Poland (Gębicki et al. 2013), Czech Republic (Dlabola 1954), Germany (Nickel and Remane 2003), Italy (D'Urso 1995, Guglielmino et al. 2005), Austria (Holzinger 1996b, Kunz 2010), Hungary (Asche 1982a), Romania (Popa and Popa 2002), Slovenia (Holzinger and Seljak 2001), ex-Yugoslavia (Asche 1982b), Serbia (Cvrković et al. 2010, Cvrković et al. 2011), Iran (Mozaffarian and Wilson 2011), Kyrgyzstan (Anufriev 2002), Malaysia (Bartlett 2009).

Notes

First record for Bulgaria. Western Pre-Balkan: Belgradchishki Skali, 03.v.2015, 1♂; Western Stara Planina: Slivnitsa vill., Aldomirovsko Blato, 18.iii.2017, 3♂♂ and 10♀♀; same location, 10.vii.2011, 1♂; Middle Stara Planina: Divchovoto vill., 08.v.2015, 1♂ and 1♀. Detailed occurrence data: Gjonov (2022).

Red Lists: It is assessed as not endangered in some countries of Central Europe.

Host plant: Phalarisarundinacea L. (Nickel 2003b).

Tropidocephala

Stal, 1853

31F63547-B88F-5DB9-BC8F-2BBA034493CE

Tropidocephala andropogonis

Horváth, 1895

C6125B1F-0829-569D-B0D1-31BFB11D941D

Distribution

Slovakia (Dlabola 1950), Hungary (Horváth 1895), Czech Republic (Dlabola 1977), ex-Yugoslavia (Nast 1972), Bulgaria (Asche 1982b), Greece (Drosopoulos 1982a, Drosopoulos 1982b), Turkey (Dlabola 1981).

Notes

First exact locality data for Bulgaria. Lozenska Mt: Dolni Pasarel vill., 16.vi.2014, 2♂; Vlahina Mt: above Boboshevo, Jana hut, 11.v.2010, 1♂; Eastern Rhodopes: Valkovich vill., 24.v.2014, 4♀♀ (Fig. 4). Strandzha Mt: Goljamo Bukovo vill., 05.v.2009, 1♂; Izgrev vill., 09.v.2012, 1♂ and 2♀. Detailed occurrence data: Gjonov (2022).

Tropidocephalaandropogonis Horváth, 1895 - Bulgaria, Eastern Rhodope Mts.

Figure 4a.

Figure 4a.

male

Figure 4b.

Figure 4b.

female

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Red Lists: No assessment.

Host plant: Chrysopogongryllus (L.) Trin., 1820 (Horváth 1895, Drosopoulos et al. 1983), also rcorded on Bothriochloaischaemum (L.) Keng (Drosopoulos 1982a).

Dictyopharidae

Spinola, 1839

87D7A25E-A5D2-5EDE-B994-E1441AB4CC37

Dictyophara

Germar, 1833

CFA6C12A-8A4A-5790-B0C6-0F3E7BD5AFE6

Dictyophara pannonica

(Germar, 1830)

3F40565E-1A64-57DA-A792-6C167F76249A

Distribution

Italy (doubtful) (D'Urso 1995, Lessio and Alma 2008), Slovakia (Dlabola 1977), Hungary (Guglielmino et al. 2013), Romania (Orosz and Tóth 2016), Bulgaria (Nast 1987), Russia (South European Russia, Western Siberia), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia (Mitjaev 2015), Ukraine (Logvinenko 1975), Georgia (Dlabola 1958), Turkey (Dlabola 1957), NW China (Song and Liang 2008).

Notes

First exact locality data for Bulgaria. Kozhuh Hill: Rupite vill., 11.ix.2021, 2♀♀ (Fig. 5); Western Rhodopes: Novo selo vill., Besaparski Hills, 24.vii.2010, 2♂; same place, 07.vii.2012, 1 nymph; same place, 14.vii.2018, 1♂, 1♀ and 1 nymph; Eastern Rhodopes: Pastrook vill., 04.iv.2012, 1♀. Detailed occurrence data: Gjonov (2022).

Dictyopharapannonica (Germar, 1830) - Bulgaria, Kozhuh hill.

Figure 5a.

Figure 5a.

lateral view

Figure 5b.

Figure 5b.

dorsal view

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Red Lists: No assessment.

Host plant: Polyphagous (Emel'yanov 1967).

Issidae

Spinola, 1839

DE097F2C-89EA-5DF7-B04B-D98CC5394D12

Latilica

Emeljanov, 1971

396EA2C6-7D58-5095-888E-C8158D92D8DB

Latilica maculipes

(Melichar, 1906)

6241B949-ECDB-5DCF-9EBE-B1FE8F37ADC9

Distribution

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Israel, Italy including the islands, Palestine, Russia (South European parts), Slovenia, Turkey, Crimea (Gnezdilov et al. 2014), Hungary (Korányi et al. 2018), Corsica (Albre and Gibernau 2019).

Notes

First record for Bulgaria. Northern Black Sea coast: Varna, Morska gradina, 04.viii.2016, 2♂♂ and 1♀; Aksakovo vill., Pobiti kamani loc., 03.viii.2016, 5♂♂, 3♀♀ and 1 nymph; Southern Black Sea coast: Sinemorec vill., the mouth of Veleka River, 15.viii.2010, 1♂; Atia vill., 22.viii.2016, 1♂; Strandzha Mt: Pismenovo vill., 12.viii.2021, 1♂ (Fig. 6). Detailed occurrence data: Gjonov (2022).

Figure 6.

Figure 6.

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Latilicamaculipes (Melichar, 1906) - Bulgaria, Varna

Red Lists: No assessment.

Host plant: Polyphagous, arboreal (Korányi et al. 2018).

Tshurtshurnella

Kusnezov, 1927

B650C58F-B9F7-5AF8-ACA6-D5CAE97D767C

Tshurtshurnella extrema

Dalbola, 1980

DD63A7C6-C4BF-5747-9D83-90CA2B9EFE21

Distribution

Turkey, near Ankara (Dlabola 1980, Kartal 1985) and Sinop (Tanyeri and Zeybekoğlu 2021)

Notes

First record for Bulgaria and Europe. Eastern Sub-Balkan Basins: Ajtos, 01.viii.2016, 2♂♂, 2♀♀ and 3 nymphs; (Fig. 7) on or near Astracanthaarnacanthasubsp.aitosensis (Ivan.) Reer & Podlech. Detailed occurrence data: Gjonov (2022).

Tshurtshurnellaextrema Dlabola, 1980 - Bulgaria, Ajtos

Figure 7a.

Figure 7a.

lateral view

Figure 7b.

Figure 7b.

dorsal view of the head

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Red Lists: No assessment.

Host plant: Poaceae (Dlabola 1980). All specimens reported here were collected on Astracanthaarnacanthasubsp.aitosensis or near it.

Discussion

In the current study, a list of 13 Fulgoromorpha species recorded for the first time for Bulgaria has been compiled. They are members of the families Cixiidae (one species) - Hyalesthesmlokosiewiczi, Delphacidae (10 species) - Delphaxarmeniacus, Euidesspeciosa, Eurysulalurida, Florodelphaxparyphasma, Jassidaeuslugubris, Metropisaris, Oncodelphaxpullula, Ribautodelphaximitans, R.pungens, Stenocranusmajor and Issidae (two species) - Latilicamaculipes and Tshurtshurnellaextrema. Additionally, the first exact localities for two species, Tropidocephalaandropogonis (Delphacidae) and Dictyopharapannonica (Dictyopharidae), are reported for Bulgaria. Species of the following five genera have not been previously known in Bulgaria: Euides, Eurysula, Jassidaeus, Oncodelphax (Delphacidae) and Latilica (Issidae).

As a result of the study, the total numbers of known planthopper species, genera and families in Bulgaria are now 177, 82 and 13, respectively. Although the diverse Fulgoromorpha fauna in Bulgaria has been reported so far, at least fifteen more species are expected to be discovered.

The new data significantly expand the known ranges of several species, such as H.mlokosiewichi, O.pullula, D.armenicaus and T.extrema. The easternmost distribution of H.mlokosiewichi (which has been found for the first time on the Balkan Peninsula) and the southernmost distribution of O.pullula have been established. The species D.armenicaus, which has been found mainly in Central Asia and the Caucasus, but is also known in Greece, is found on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. T.extrema was first recorded outside of Anatolia, along with the first data on its host plant.

Seven of the listed species have conservation status in Central Europe, where such assessments have been carried out. The conservation status of most of the other species has never been evaluated as they are not spread in the countries where such assessments were carried out. This emphasises the need to assess the conservation status of Fulgoromorpha in Bulgaria.

Supplementary Material

XML Treatment for Cixiidae
XML Treatment for Hyalesthes
XML Treatment for Hyalesthes mlokosiewiczi
XML Treatment for Delphacidae
XML Treatment for Delphax
XML Treatment for Delphax armeniacus
XML Treatment for Euides
XML Treatment for Euides speciosa
XML Treatment for Eurysula
XML Treatment for Eurysula lurida
XML Treatment for Florodelphax
XML Treatment for Florodelphax paryphasma
XML Treatment for Jassidaeus
XML Treatment for Jassidaeus lugubris
XML Treatment for Metropis
XML Treatment for Metropis aris
XML Treatment for Oncodelphax
XML Treatment for Oncodelphax pullula
XML Treatment for Ribautodelphax
XML Treatment for Ribautodelphax imitans
XML Treatment for Ribautodelphax pungens
XML Treatment for Stenocranus
XML Treatment for Stenocranus major
XML Treatment for Tropidocephala
XML Treatment for Tropidocephala andropogonis
XML Treatment for Dictyopharidae
XML Treatment for Dictyophara
XML Treatment for Dictyophara pannonica
XML Treatment for Issidae
XML Treatment for Latilica
XML Treatment for Latilica maculipes
XML Treatment for Tshurtshurnella
XML Treatment for Tshurtshurnella extrema

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Science Fund, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Bulgaria, Grant KP-06-M31/4. Sincere thanks are due to Prof. Vladimir Gnezdilov (Institute of Zoology, RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia) for help in the identification of Tshurtshurnellaextrema Dlabola, 1980 and to Prof. Alexandr Emeljanov (Institute of Zoology, RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia) and Kees den Bieman (Ulvenhout, The Netherlands) for the literature provided. I am indebted to the reviewers Charles Bartlett, Thierry Bourgoin and Jacek Szwedo and the editor J. Adilson Pinedo-Escatel for providing helpful comments, improvements and linguistic assistance.

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Associated Data

This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.

Supplementary Materials

XML Treatment for Cixiidae
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment1.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Hyalesthes
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment2.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Hyalesthes mlokosiewiczi
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment3.xml (17.7KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Delphacidae
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment4.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Delphax
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment5.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Delphax armeniacus
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment6.xml (8.5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Euides
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment7.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Euides speciosa
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment8.xml (19.6KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Eurysula
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment9.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Eurysula lurida
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment10.xml (30.7KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Florodelphax
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment11.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Florodelphax paryphasma
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment12.xml (18.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Jassidaeus
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment13.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Jassidaeus lugubris
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment14.xml (28.7KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Metropis
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment15.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Metropis aris
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment16.xml (5.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Oncodelphax
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment17.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Oncodelphax pullula
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment18.xml (21.9KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Ribautodelphax
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment19.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Ribautodelphax imitans
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment20.xml (25.6KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Ribautodelphax pungens
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment21.xml (22.8KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Stenocranus
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment22.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Stenocranus major
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment23.xml (26.1KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Tropidocephala
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment24.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Tropidocephala andropogonis
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment25.xml (13.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Dictyopharidae
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment26.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Dictyophara
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment27.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Dictyophara pannonica
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment28.xml (14.8KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Issidae
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment29.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Latilica
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment30.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Latilica maculipes
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment31.xml (8KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Tshurtshurnella
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment32.xml (1.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Tshurtshurnella extrema
BDJ.10.e83231-treatment33.xml (8.9KB, xml)

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