Abstract
Background
Several lists of marine fish from Azores have been published in the past. Most of those publications are difficult to access on line and several were not published in peer-reviewed journals.
New information
This checklist updates all the chondrichthyan records for the Azores Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), according to the most recent taxonomic classification of cartilaginous fish, as well as providing information on the conservation status for all species. We also present recent literature data on rare species and recent records for Azores. This is the first comprehensive list of cartilaginous fishes from Azores to be published in the GBIF database.
Keywords: cartilaginous fishes, rays, sharks, species list
Introduction
Chondrichthyes are commonly known as cartilaginous fishes and includes chimeras, sharks and rays. They can be found from the cold deep-sea to subtropical and tropical waters (Greemberg 2009). Sharks and rays have a great recreational and ecological interest (Vieira et al. 2020); however, many species worldwide are declining due to global overfishing (Worm et al. 2013). The total estimation for risk extinction, according to the IUCN Red List criteria, indicates that a quarter of all shark and ray species are threatened (Dulvy et al. 2014).
The first comprehensive chondrichthyan checklist for Azores was published over 20 years ago by Santos et al. (1997). After that, some updates were made, most of them integrated in marine fish or biodiversity lists (e.g. Porteiro et al. 2010). In the meantime, new publications have emerged regarding new records (e.g. Catarino et al. 2020) or with new information on species already recorded for Azores (e.g. Das and Afonso 2017, Barcelos et al. 2018). The present work gives taxonomic updates and information regarding the conservation status (IUCN) for all chondrichthyan species from the Azores' EEZ (see Suppl. material 1). This is the first complete and updated list of chondrichthyans that can be found in the GBIF online platform (Barcelos et al. 2020).
General description
Purpose
Updating Azorean biota checklists.
Project description
Title
Azores Chondrichthyes updated checklist
Personnel
Paulo Borges
Study area description
Azores Archipelago
Funding
Funding Institutions: Azores PO 2020 - ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072; TOTAL BUDGET: €299,901.83 EU Support: €254,916.56. This project was financed by FEDER in 85% and by Azorean Public funds by 15% through the Operational Programme Azores 2020. This work is also funded by FEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020 Programme and National Funds through FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the Research Infrastructure PORBIOTA - Portuguese E-Infrastructure for Information and Research on Biodiversity, project number POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022127.
Geographic coverage
Description
The Azores EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone).
Coordinates
34 and 42.976 Latitude; -35.578 and -21 Longitude.
Taxonomic coverage
Description
This dataset covers all the sharks, rays and chimaeras so far known to occur within the Azores' EEZ.
Taxa included
| Rank | Scientific Name | |
|---|---|---|
| kingdom | Animalia | |
| phylum | Chordata | |
| class | Chondrichthyes | |
| subclass | Holocephali | |
| subclass | Elasmobranchii | |
| superorder | Holocephalimorpha | |
| superorder | Selachimorfa | |
| superorder | Batoidea | |
| order | Carcharhiniformes | Ground sharks |
| order | Chimaeriformes | Chimaeras |
| order | Hexanchiformes | Frill and cow sharks |
| order | Lamniformes | Mackerel sharks |
| order | Myliobatiformes | Stingrays |
| order | Orectolobiformes | Carpet sharks |
| order | Rajiformes | Skates and rays |
| order | Squaliformes | Bramble, sleeper and dogfish sharks |
| order | Torpediniformes | Electric rays |
| family | Rhinochimaeridae | |
| family | Chimaeridae | |
| family | Sphyrnidae | |
| family | Carcharhinidae | |
| family | Triakidae | |
| family | Pseudotriakidae | |
| family | Scyliorhinidae | |
| family | Pentanchidae | |
| family | Lamnidae | |
| family | Cetorhinidae | |
| family | Alopiidae | |
| family | Odontaspididae | |
| family | Rhincodontidae | |
| family | Dalatiidae | |
| family | Oxynotidae | |
| family | Somniosidae | |
| family | Etmopteridae | |
| family | Centrophoridae | |
| family | Hexanchidae | |
| family | Chlamydoselachidae | |
| family | Mobulidae | |
| family | Myliobatidae | |
| family | Dasyatidae | |
| family | Rajidae | |
| family | Torpedinidae | |
| species | Rhinochimaeraatlantica Holt & Byrne, 1909 | |
| species | Hydrolaguspallidus Hardy & Stehmann, 1990 | |
| species | Hydrolagusaffinis (de Brito Capello, 1868) | |
| species | Chimaeraopalescens Luchetti, Iglésias & Sellos, 2011 | |
| species | Chimaeramonstrosa Linnaeus, 1758 | |
| species | Sphyrnazygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
| species | Prionaceglauca (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
| species | Galeocerdocuvier (Péron & Lesueur, 1822) | |
| species | Carcharhinuslongimanus (Poey, 1861) | |
| species | Carcharhinusleucas (Valenciennes, 1839) | |
| species | Carcharhinusgalapagensis (Snodgrass & Heller, 1905) | |
| species | Galeorhinusgaleus (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
| species | Pseudotriakismicrodon de Brito Capello, 1868 | |
| species | Scyliorhinuscanicula (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
| species | Galeusmurinus (Collett, 1904) | |
| species | Apristurusmanis (Springer 1979) | |
| species | Apristuruslaurussonii (Saemundsson, 1922) | |
| species | Lamnanasus (Bonnaterre, 1788) | |
| species | Isuruspaucus Guitart Manday, 1966 | |
| species | Isurusoxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 | |
| species | Carcharodoncarcharias (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
| species | Cetorhinusmaximus (Gunnerus, 1765) | |
| species | Alopiasvulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) | |
| species | Alopiassuperciliosus (Lowe, 1841) | |
| species | Odontaspisferox (Risso, 1810) | |
| species | Rhincodontypus Smith, 1828 | |
| species | Squalioluslaticaudus Smith & Radcliffe, 1912 | |
| species | Dalatiaslicha (Bonnaterre, 1788) | |
| species | Oxynotusparadoxus Frade, 1929 | |
| species | Zameussquamulosus (Günther, 1877) | |
| species | Somniosusrostratus (Risso, 1827) | |
| species | Somniosusmicrocephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | |
| species | Scymnodalatiasgarricki Kukuev & Konovalenko, 1988 | |
| species | Centroselachuscrepidater (Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864) | |
| species | Centroscymnusowstonii Garman, 1906 | |
| species | Centroscymnuscoelolepis Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864 | |
| species | Etmopterusspinax (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
| species | Etmopteruspusillus (Lowe, 1839) | |
| species | Etmopterusprinceps Collett, 1904 | |
| species | Centroscylliumfabricii (Reinhardt, 1825) | |
| species | Deaniaprofundorum (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912) | |
| species | Deaniacalcea (Lowe, 1839) | |
| species | Centrophorussquamosus (Bonnaterre, 1788) | |
| species | Centrophorusgranulosus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | |
| species | Hexanchusgriseus (Bonnaterre, 1788) | |
| species | Heptranchiasperlo (Bonnaterre, 1788) | |
| species | Chlamydoselachusanguineus Garman, 1884 | |
| species | Mobulatarapacana (Philippi, 1892) | |
| species | Mobulamobular (Bonnaterre, 1788) | |
| species | Mobulabirostris (Walbaum, 1792) | |
| species | Myliobatisaquila (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
| species | Dasyatispastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
| species | Pteroplatytrygonviolacea (Bonaparte, 1832) | |
| species | Taeniuropsgrabatus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817) | |
| species | Dipturusbatis (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
| species | Leucorajafullonica (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
| species | Rajabrachyura Lafont, 1873 | |
| species | Rajaclavata Linnaeus, 1758 | |
| species | Rajamaderensis Lowe, 1838 | |
| species | Rajellabigelowi (Stehmann, 1978) | |
| species | Dipturusoxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
| species | Bathyrajarichardsoni (Garrick, 1961) | |
| species | Tetronarcenobiliana (Bonaparte, 1835) |
Usage licence
Usage licence
Creative Commons Public Domain Waiver (CC-Zero)
IP rights notes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 Licence.
Data resources
Data package title
Azores chondrichthyes updated checklist
Resource link
http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=azores_chondrichthyes_updated_checklist_vs_1&v=1.9
Alternative identifiers
http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=azores_chondrichthyes_updated_checklist_vs_1
Number of data sets
1
Data set 1.
Data set name
Azores chondrichthyes updated checklist
Data format
Darwin Core
Description
This updated checklist of the chondrichthyans already identified within the Azores EEZ follows the last revised version published by Barreiros and Gadig (2011). Two new records have been registered and the taxonomy has been updated. New information regarding the specific occurrence of the rare Odontaspisferox was recently published (see Barcelos et al. 2018). The first comprehensive chondrichthyan checklist was published by Santos et al. (1997) and later updated by Porteiro et al. (2010).
Data set 1.
| Column label | Column description |
|---|---|
| id | identification of the record |
| taxonID | identification of the taxon |
| acceptedNameUsageID | identification of the usage name |
| parentNameUsageID | identifiction of the parent usage name |
| scientificName | scientific name of the taxon |
| parentNameUsage | name from which the taxon name originates |
| kingdom | kingdom |
| phylum | phylum |
| class | class |
| order | order |
| family | family |
| genus | genus |
| specificEpithet | specific epithet |
| taxonRank | taxon rank |
| scientificNameAuthorship | scientific name authorship |
Additional information
The following species are referred to the Azores’ EEZ by some authors: Bathytoshiacentroura (Das and Afonso 2017, Santos et al. 2020), Deaniahystricosa (Compagno 2016), Dipturusintermedius (Santos et al. 2020) and Bathyrajapallida (Das and Afonso 2017, Santos et al. 2020). However, they were not included in this checklist because those authors, as well as other sources (e.g. IUCN’s Red List) report their occurrence as either doubtful or ‘need to be confirmed’. As such, this fact does not allow us to have a degree of confidence that these species were actually confirmed to occur within this checklist geographic area.
Supplementary Material
Species list - taxon remarks and occurrence details
Barcelos LMD, Azevedo JMN, Barreiros JP
Data type
taxon remarks, occurrence details, IUCN conservation status
File: oo_510738.xlsx
Funding Statement
Azores PO 2020 - ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072 TOTAL BUDGET: 299. 901,83€ EU Support: 254. 916, 56€ This project was financed by FEDER in 85% and by Azorean Public funds by 15% through Operational Program Azores 2020. This work is also funded by FEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020 Programme and National Funds through FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the Research Infrastructure PORBIOTA - Portuguese E-Infrastructure for Information and Research on Biodiversity, project number POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022127.
Author contributions
LMDB, JMNA and JPB published the updated checklist in GBIF IPT - Portugal and built the framework. LMDB developed this paper and uploaded all the files into the Arphahub platform. All authors read and edited the submitted version and agreed on its present version.
References
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Associated Data
This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.
Supplementary Materials
Species list - taxon remarks and occurrence details
Barcelos LMD, Azevedo JMN, Barreiros JP
Data type
taxon remarks, occurrence details, IUCN conservation status
File: oo_510738.xlsx