Abstract
The US Virgin Islands (USVI) include St. John and St. Thomas on the Puerto Rican Platform (PRP) and St. Croix, isolated by 2000 m deep water 45 km south of that platform. Previous inventories of the marine fishes of these islands include a comprehensive 2014 checklist of the fishes of St. Croix and a list of the fishes of the PRP produced in 2000. The latter list noted the locations of many records of the plateau’s fishes, allowing the construction of a combined inventory for St. John and St. Thomas. Those two islands are treated here as a single faunal unit because they are only 3.5 km apart on a shared shallow shelf with various islets and reefs in between. Here we provide updated information on those two USVI (St. Croix and St. John-Thomas) marine fish faunas. The additions to the St. Croix and St. John-Thomas inventories presented here are based on a combination of information from the two sources indicated above, more recent publications dealing with those faunas, a review of location records on various online sources of biogeographic data, and voucher photographs taken of fishes in the field by authors of this paper and other citizen scientists. This assessment increased the known fauna of St. Croix by 7.5% to 585 species. The inventory for St. John-Thomas increased by 39.9% from 401 species on the 2000 PRP list to 561 with the inclusion of records from other sources. On-site mtDNA (COI) barcodes are available for approximately one-third of the species of the St. John-Thomas fauna, but for only one species collected at St. Croix. A set of underwater photographs of 372 species (34 of them representing the sole record of a species) from St. John-Thomas and of 11 shallow-water species added to the St. Croix fauna is included. These represent occurrence vouchers and also are intended to facilitate future work that builds on the present compendium.
Keywords: Biodiversity, checklist, citizen science, DNA-barcode, photographic voucher, SCUBA survey
Introduction
The United States Virgin Islands (USVI) comprise a US territory adjacent to Puerto Rico, in the northeast Caribbean, that includes three large, inhabited islands, St. John, St. Thomas and St. Croix, and approximately 50 smaller islands and cays around them. The former two are situated only 3.5 km apart, in the center of the Puerto Rico Plateau (PRP), which has an area approximately twice the 9,100 km2 of Puerto Rico Island and extends ~ 150 km eastwards from Puerto Rico. St. Croix is located south of St. John and St. Thomas, on its own insular platform, which is separated by 45 km of deep water from the southern edge of the PRP.
The fish fauna of St. Croix was comprehensively reviewed by Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2014), who built upon an older list by Clavijo et al. (1980), using their own extensive collections of shallow fishes of the Buck Island Reef National Monument on the northern side of St. Croix (Smith-Vaniz et al. 2006), and a review of literature and examination of specimens of fishes collected at St. Croix that are lodged in various museums. In 2000, George Dennis produced an extensive (244 page; 500+ sources cited) U.S. Geological Survey report based on collections and observational records for marine and brackish-water fish from Puerto Rico, St. John and St. Thomas, and other islands on the PRP. Although never formally published in a scientific journal, and no longer available through the USGS source cited by Dennis et al. (2004), that compendium is available online (Dennis 2000).
Here we add new information to update the 2014 list for St. Croix and assemble an inventory for St. John and St. Thomas that includes and expands on data for those two islands contained in Dennis (2000). We extracted the additional information from museum records in online sources of biogeographic data, publications produced since Dennis (2000), digital images of live fishes obtained at the USVI, plus our recent collections and mtDNA barcode records obtained from the database BOLD. The great majority of the species in this compendium are marine, plus we include a small number of species found in fresh to brackish waters.
Materials and methods
Study sites
St. Croix is a 215 km2 island in the northeast corner of the Caribbean. It is isolated by ~ 45 km of deep water from the Puerto Rican Platform (PRP). Other islands of the Lesser Antilles chain lie within ~ 150 km to the east and southeast of St. Croix. The surrounding shallow (above ~ 150 m depth) shelf of St. Croix, extending almost 20 km eastward, has approximately the same area as the island. In addition to exposed and sheltered coral reefs and soft bottoms, the island has extensive areas of seagrasses and mangroves.
St. John (area 50 km2) and St. Thomas (area 83 km2) are situated in the center of the shallow (to ~ 150 m deep) tongue of the PRP that extends 150 km eastwards from Puerto Rico. St. Thomas is closest to and 64 km from the main island of Puerto Rico. St. John and St. Thomas are separated from each other by only 3.5 km of water shallower than 20 m deep, with scattered islets and shallow reefs in between them. They have a similar range of habitats as St. Croix, with large areas of both sheltered and deeper shelf-edge coral reefs, rocky shores, seagrass beds and mangroves. Due to their proximity and similarity of habitats we treat them here as a single unit (hereafter St. John-Thomas). The shallow PRP associated with St. John-Thomas extends ~ 25 km north and ~ 15 km south of those islands and covers an area of ~ 2,100 km2 (Rohmann et al. 2005).
Suppl. material 2: File S1 shows the bathymetry of bottom habitats on the above-150 m shelves of the USVI. The shelf area of the St. John-Thomas EEZ is not only much larger than that of St. Croix but also differs from the latter in containing a much greater diversity of areas of different depths. There are large expanses, in both absolute and relative terms, of habitat between 40–60 m deep to the north of St. Thomas and to the south of both islands. In contrast, most of the smaller shelf of St. Croix is shallower than 20 m deep.
Data sources
We reviewed and cited only publications from which we extracted information relating to the USVI fishes that were published after those cited by Dennis (2000) for St. John-Thomas, and after that by Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2014) for St. Croix, plus a few earlier publications that contained additional relevant information.
Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2014) published a comprehensive, annotated checklist of 544 fishes known from St. Croix. That checklist was based, in large part, on the yield of fishes from 106 rotenone stations obtained by Smith-Vaniz et al. (2006) and by later workers to document the shallow cryptobenthic fauna. That 2014 list identified questionable records, a few of which, as we show, have turned out to be valid. Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2014). That checklist also excluded deep-water fishes not found above 200 m as well as Exocoetids and Myctophids. For completeness we have included any such species recorded by other sources among the additions noted here. We used the 2014 list of valid species and reviewed fishes listed by other surveys: a SCUBA study of the shallower parts (30–50 m depth) of a mesophotic coral ecosystem at the eastern end of the shelf (García-Sais et al. 2014); two JSL submersible dives off St. Croix to 30–600 m (Nelson and Appeldoorn (1985); and two ROV dives off St. Croix at depths greater than 800 m (Quattrini et al. 2017). In addition, we reviewed the records of fish species from St. Croix available from various online sources: the aggregators GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/), FishNet2 (http://www.fishnet2.net/), iDigBio (https://www.idigbio.org/portal), OBIS (https://obis.org/) and Vertnet (http://vertnet.org/), and the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH; https://www.amnh.org/research/vertebrate-zoology/ichthyology). Those searches were made within a quadrat with latitudinal limits of 17.62°N to 17.85°N, and longitudinal limits of -64.4°W to -65.0°W, encompassing St. Croix and all of its platform. The sources of St. Croix records produced by those online searches were evaluated and museum records within the known geographic range of various species were accepted. Evaluation of individual records is necessary because aggregator information includes significant numbers of erroneous records.
Finally, the list includes shallow-reef fishes photographed by authors AME and CJE during a month spent at the island from 19 December 2020 to 13 January 2021. Suppl. material 3: File S2A presents a list, with georeferenced locations, of the 11 dive sites at which they together made 25 dives (total 47 hours duration per person) during that period (see also Fig. 1B and Suppl. material 4: File S3, a Google Earth © KMZ file that shows, for each of those sites, its location and georeferenced coordinates, and the number of dives and total dive time spent at that site). These photographs document a few species not previously recorded at the island, plus several not accepted by Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2014) due to a lack of reliable information.
Figure 1.
A dive sites generating fish-occurrence data at St. John and St. Thomas islands. Dive sites of CJE and AME are indicated by red symbols, and of other sources of voucher photographs by blue symbols. Note that some close-proximity sites are indicated by a single symbol. Symbols at the northern and southern edges of Fig. 1A are representative only, as their latitudes are outside the area of the map B dive sites of CJE and AME generating data at St. Croix. See Suppl. material 3: File S2A, B and Suppl. material 4: File S3 for further information. Base map in both cases: NOAA Chart 25641.
For St. John-Thomas we extracted a list of 401 species listed at those islands by Dennis (2000) and reviewed various publications dealing with fish records at and near those islands that were subsequently produced. Finally, we also used the same online data sources as for St. Croix (see above) to obtain records of fishes from the part of the Exclusive Economic Zone of the USVI that includes St. John-Thomas and extends between the northern and southern edges of the PRP. That irregularly shaped EEZ was obtained from Marineregions.org, which provides a standard set of global maps of EEZs (https://www.marineregions.org/eezsearch.php).
CJE and AME spent six months between 3 November 2020 and 29 May 2021 diving at both islands and photographing fishes to obtain voucher images of as many members of those islands’ marine fish fauna as possible. File S2A presents a list, with georeferenced locations, of their dive sites at St. John (37) and St. Thomas (12), at which they made 113 joint dives (involving multiple dives at some sites) totaling 221 hours per person and 37 dives totaling 37 hours per person, respectively. Fig. 1A is a map with those 49 dive sites at St. John-Thomas indicated and File S2 provides additional information. Fig. 1A (and see File S2B) also indicates the location of sites from other sources at which additional species not recorded by CJE and AME were documented photographically by other divers.
Reef-associated bony fishes of the USVI
Greater Caribbean (GC) reef systems have reef-fish faunas that are dominated by members of typical, shallow-reef families of bony fishes extending down to depths of ~ 250–300 m (Baldwin et al. 2018). Here we focus on species belonging to those families, which have traditionally been viewed as reef fishes. We classed species living entirely or largely below 40 m depth as belonging to the deep-reef subset. Species classed here as shallow include both species restricted to depths shallower than 40 m and those with depth ranges that extend above and below that level. These reef-associated fishes include not only benthic and demersal species found on hard-reef substrata, but also pelagic fishes that facultatively associate with reefs and benthic and demersal species that live on soft bottoms within and immediately around the fringes of reefs. Benthic species (e.g., eels, flatfishes) are restricted to life on and in different types of substrata, while demersal species (e.g., snappers and grunts) use both substratum habitats and the water column. Cryptobenthic species are visually cryptic and typically small. We followed Brandl et al. (2018) in classifying families dominated by small cryptobenthic coral-reef species as Core Coral Reef Fish families (CCRFs).
We also evaluate the ecological and zoogeographic composition of the two USVI fish faunas (St. Croix and St. John-Thomas) compared to the complete checklist of the regional fauna of reef-associated bony fishes, which includes 992 species in 342 genera and 84 families (Robertson and Tornabene 2021). These aspects of the fauna of the USVI are also compared with results from another recent comprehensive survey of the fish fauna of nearby Sint Eustatius, which is 170 km from St. Croix (Robertson et al. 2020).
mtDNA-barcode coverage of fishes collected in the USVI and Puerto Rico
Relatively few small marine locations have been comprehensively sampled for fish DNA barcoding, i.e., tissues sequenced for the mtDNA COI marker as a standard for identifying fishes, as compiled in the Barcode of Life Database, BOLD (Ward et al. 2009). Notably, BOLD not only includes a wide variety of projects, most of which are publicly available, but also regularly harvests all available COI sequences from GenBank. In contrast, GenBank does not harvest from BOLD, and BOLD sequences are generally submitted to GenBank only by request. As a result, only a fraction (~ 15% for GC fishes) of COI sequences on BOLD also are present on GenBank, despite its widespread use as the sole source for barcoding studies. BOLD further differs from GenBank by applying quality control to sequences and taxon identifications as data is entered, including sequences harvested from GenBank. It also has post-hoc quality control via a tagging and comment option on individual records. BOLD also includes a large number of private sequences, which can be assessed to a limited degree (with some metadata removed) via the BIN portal, which compiles all records, public and private, within a lineage, assigns a code, and presents some statistics, especially variance and nearest neighbor distances, as well as countries of origin.
The BOLD BIN code is a key advance enabling the compilation and comparison of mtDNA barcoding lists, since it supplies an independent identifier for a monophyletic genetic lineage, which is not the same as a species name. BOLD creates BINs (Barcode Index Numbers) by clustering barcode sequences algorithmically. The BIN often represents a particular species, but there are many exceptions to the “one-species, one BIN” concept: either multiple BINs per species, indicating genetically divergent populations within species (usually allopatric, but not always), a subset of which are putative new cryptic species awaiting morphological confirmation; or shared BINs by two or more species that retain shared or closely related haplotypes due to a short time since speciation, to incomplete lineage sorting, or to a small degree of hybridization.
Our broad assessment suggests that BOLD has a BIN that can be assigned (with widely varying degrees of confidence) to ~ 900 species of shallow-dwelling, reef-associated bony fishes from the GC. A list of sequences obtained in a particular area is obtained from BOLD by using a vector map in its search engine. The resulting list is from public projects (including all GenBank COI sequences), as well as whichever private projects the user has permission to access (often granted by an email request to the source of the sequence). In our case, we have been given access to all of the larger private projects in the region and barcodes for the vast majority (~ 90%) of sequence records in BOLD that could be evaluated in their respective BINs. The list of records from the geographic-area search on BOLD are individual sequences with metadata (including GenBank number if a sequence has one) and photographs of specimens (when available), together with a link to the BIN code to which it belongs. The species name originally submitted for each is preserved, and the accuracy of the assignment can be assessed by examining the BIN to which it belongs, which has details on the various names applied to sequences in the BIN and by whom and where they were obtained. Accuracy assessments are critical, especially for more obscure species, since a “majority rules” decision is often inaccurate due to multiple identifications by inexperienced contributors, the tendency to repeat the species-level identification made by others as a shortcut, and the practice of assigning species-level names to submitted records that are from eggs, larvae, isolated tissue, or fish-market specimens. GenBank records are harvested by BOLD with whatever name is assigned in GenBank, often a preliminary one from submission, rather than the one later corrected or published in the subsequent literature.
Results
The island faunas
St. Croix: The checklist of Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2014) included 544 species from 280 genera in 94 families. We obtained records of 41 species (belonging to 39 genera and 35 families; see Table 1) that were not included on that checklist, an increase of 7.5% in the number of species. Those new records included 19 deep-living species, six of them (11.1% of all deep species at St. Croix) resulting solely from observations by the JSL submersible (Nelson and Appeldoorn 1985; García-Sais et al. 2014) and an ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle; Quattrini et al. 2017). It should be noted that almost all of that group belong to very deep taxa specifically excluded by Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2014) from their list, which was focused primarily on shallower fishes. The remaining 22 species are shallow-water, reef-associated fishes. Ten of the latter group were photographed by AME and CJE (Table 1; Suppl. material 1: Plate S1). These additions include three species (Eucinostomusmelanopterus, Coryphopterusglaucofrenum and Opistognathusmacrognathus) that Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2014) referred to but did not include in their checklist due to lack of confirmed records. Records of two mobulid rays consisted of identified photographs/videos provided by Mantatrust.org (https://www.mantatrust.org/) that were inspected by DRR. The list (Table 1, which includes source information) also includes records from museum collections that provide online data directly or indirectly through aggregators, which were included if consistent with the known geographic range of each of those species.
Table 1.
Species of fishes added to the St. Croix checklist of fishes of Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2014).
| Scientific name | Common name | Deep | Image plate | Literature source | Online source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antennariidae | |||||
| Fowlerichthysocellatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | Ocellated Frogfish | TNHCi | |||
| Bathygadidae | |||||
| Gadomusarcuatus (Goode & Bean, 1886) | Doublethread Grenadier | yes | 6 | ||
| Blenniidae | |||||
| Hypleurochiluspseudoaequipinnis Bath, 1994 | Oyster Blenny | S1 | |||
| Bramidae | |||||
| Eumegistusbrevorti (Poey, 1860) | Tropical Pomfret | yes | FlMNH | ||
| Chaenopsidae | |||||
| Emblemariopsisleptocirris Stephens, 1970 | Fine-cirrus Blenny | S1 | |||
| Chimaeridae | |||||
| Chimaeracubana Howell Rivero, 1936 | Cuban Chimaera | yes | 1 | ||
| Etmopteridae | |||||
| Etmopterushillianus (Poey, 1861) | Caribbean Lantern Shark | yes | FlMNH | ||
| Exocoetidae | |||||
| Cheilopogonmelanurus (Valenciennes, 1847) | Atlantic Flyingfish | CF | |||
| Cypseluruscomatus (Mitchill, 1815) | Clearwing Flyingfish | CF | |||
| Gempylidae | |||||
| Lepidocybiumflavobrunneum (Smith, 1843) | Escolar | yes | NOAA | ||
| Nesiarchusnasutus Johnson, 1862 | Black Gemfish | yes | NMNH | ||
| Gerreidae | |||||
| Eucinostomusmelanopterus (Bleeker, 1863) | Flagfin Mojarra | S1 | 5,7* | ||
| Gobiesocidae | |||||
| Acyrtuslanthanum Conway, Baldwin & White, 2014 | Orange-spotted Clingfish | FlMNH | |||
| Gobiidae | |||||
| Coryphopterusglaucofraenum Gill, 1863 | Bridled Goby | S1 | 2,5.7* | ||
| Coryphopteruskuna Victor, 2007 | Kuna Goby | S1 | |||
| Oxyurichthysstigmalophius (Mead & Böhlke, 1958) | Spotfin Goby | S1 | NOAA | ||
| Kyphosidae | |||||
| Kyphosuscinerascens (Forsskål, 1775) | Topsail Seachub | S1 | |||
| Macrouridae | |||||
| Nezumiaaequalis (Günther, 1878) | Atlantic Blacktip Grenadier | yes | 6 | ||
| Malakichthyidae | |||||
| Veriluspseudomicrolepis (Schultz, 1940) | False-smallscale Bass | yes | CAS | ||
| Mobulidae | |||||
| Mobulacfbirostris | Giant Manta | 4 | |||
| Mobulatarapacana (Philippi, 1892) | Sicklefin Devil Ray | 4 | |||
| Muraenidae | |||||
| Gymnothoraxnigromarginatus (Girard, 1858) | Blackedge Moray | CAS | |||
| Nemichthyidae | |||||
| Nemichthyscurvirostris (Strömman, 1896) | Spottedbelly Snipe Eel | yes | 6 | ||
| Neoscopelidae | |||||
| Neoscopelusmicrochir Matsubara, 1943 | Shortfin Blackchin | yes | 6 | ||
| Ophichthidae | |||||
| Myrophispunctatus Lütken, 1852 | Speckled Worm Eel | MCZ | |||
| Ophidiidae | |||||
| Monomitopusagassizii (Goode & Bean, 1896) | Threespine Cusk-eel | yes | MCZ | ||
| Opistognathidae | |||||
| Opistognathusmacrognathus Poey, 1860 | Banded Jawfish | S1 | 5,7* | ||
| Paralichthyidae | |||||
| Syaciummicrurum Ranzani, 1842 | Channel Flounder | S1 | |||
| Peristediidae | |||||
| Peristedionlongispatha Goode & Bean, 1886 | Widehead Armored Searobin | yes | MCZ | ||
| Pleuronectidae | |||||
| Poecilopsettainermis (Breder, 1927) | Unarmed Deepwater Dab | yes | CAS, NMNH | ||
| Polymixiidae | |||||
| Polymixianobilis Lowe, 1836 | Noble Beardfish | yes | 3 | ||
| Scombropidae | |||||
| Scombropsoculatus (Poey, 1860) | Atlantic Scombrops | yes | FlMNH | ||
| Sparidae | |||||
| Calamuscalamus (Valenciennes, 1830) | Saucereye Porgy | 5 | |||
| Squalidae | |||||
| Cirrhigaleusasper (Merrett, 1973) | Roughskin Spiny Dogfish | yes | FlMNH | ||
| Stomiidae | |||||
| Borostomiasmononema (Regan & Trewavas, 1929) | Sickle Snaggletooth | yes | 8 | ||
| Synagropidae | |||||
| Synagropsbellus (Goode & Bean, 1896) | Blackmouth Bass | yes | 6 | ||
| Syngnathidae | |||||
| Hippocampuserectus Perry, 1810 | Lined Seahorse | NCSM | |||
| Synodontidae | |||||
| Synodusfoetens (Linnaeus, 1766) | Inshore Lizardfish | ANSP | |||
| Trachinocephalusmyops (Forster, 1801) | Snakefish | S1 | |||
| Trachipteridae | |||||
| Zucristatus (Bonelli, 1820) | Scalloped Ribbonfish | yes | 8 | ||
| Tripterygiidae | |||||
| Enneanectesquadra Victor, 2017 | Squaretail Triplefin | FlMNH | |||
Notes: Deep – restricted to depths below 40 m. Image Plate – see Suppl. material 1: Plate S1 for voucher images. Literature source – 1 Bunckley-Williams and Williams (2004); 2 Garcia-Sais et al. (2014); 3 Nelson and Appeldoorn (1985); 4 Mantatrust.org; 5 Pittman et al. (2008); 6 Quatrinni et al. (2017); 7 Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2014) (asterisk indicates a species that was discussed by not included by those authors); 8 Clavijo et al. (1980). Online source - TNHCi (University of Texas at Austin, Biodiversity Center, Ichthyology collection; FlMNH (Florida Museum of Natural History); CF (Biological observations from the Dana Expedition Reports); NOAA (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration); CAS (California Academy of Sciences); MCZ (Museum of Comparative Zoology); NMNH (National Museum of Natural History); NCSM (North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences); ANSP (Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia). Coryphopterus: Smith-Vaniz et al. (2014) concluded that C.tortugae, but not C.glaucofrenum, was present at St. Croix. However, CJE and AME photographed both species at St. Croix, illustrated in Suppl. material 1: Plate S1.
St. John-Thomas: Table 2 presents a list of species recorded from those islands together with the source(s) of each record (images, publications, DNA barcodes, or online museum records) and which species have a voucher image in the supplementary plates (Suppl. material 1: Plates S2–S18). In addition, for uncommon species (those encountered by AME, CJE, LR, or third-party photographers at three or fewer dive sites) the names of the sites at which those uncommon species were found are included, to aid future investigations. Dennis (2000) also included information on species that were collected using the ichthyocide Rotenone (see Table 2). Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2014) list for St. Croix also included some species recorded at these St. John-Thomas as a result of collections using that ichthyocide. Two ROV dives of Quattrini et al. (2017) and four dives (including one to only 50 m depth on the PRP a little to the north of St. Thomas) by the JSL submersible at St. John-Thomas (Nelson and Appeldoorn 1985; Garcia-Sais 2005) yielded 75 species records. Of those 19 were of deep-living species, with 14 (28%) representing sole-source records of the 50 deep-living fishes currently known to occur at St. John-Thomas.
Table 2.
Checklist of the fishes of St. John-Thomas islands.
| Scientific name | Common name | Image Plate | Literature source | Online source | Uncommon (site code) | Ichthyocide | DNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acanthuridae | |||||||
| Acanthuruschirurgus (Bloch, 1787) | Doctorfish | S2 | 2,4,8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Acanthuruscoeruleus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | Blue Tang | S2 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Acanthurustractus Poey, 1860 | Northern Ocean Surgeonfish | S2 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Achiridae | |||||||
| Gymnachirusnudus Kaup, 1858 | Flabby Sole | S2 | 2,11 | 1 | SJ5, SJ18, SJ25 | YES | |
| Aetobatidae | |||||||
| Aetobatusnarinari (Euphrasen, 1790) | Spotted Eagle Ray | S2 | 2 | 1 | |||
| Albulidae | |||||||
| Albulagoreensis Valenciennes, 1847 | Senegalese Bonefish | NOAA-BOLD | YES | ||||
| Albulavulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) | Bonefish | 2,4 | 1 | YES | |||
| Anguillidae | |||||||
| Anguillarostrata (Lesueur, 1817) | American Eel | 6 | 1 | ||||
| Antennariidae | |||||||
| Antennariusmultiocellatus (Valenciennes, 1837) | Longlure Frogfish | S2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Antennariuspauciradiatus Schultz, 1957 | Dwarf Frogfish | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Histriohistrio (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sargassumfish | S2 | 12 | O22 | |||
| Apogonidae | |||||||
| Apogonaurolineatus (Mowbray, 1927) | Bridle Cardinalfish | S2 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Apogonbinotatus (Poey, 1867) | Barred Cardinalfish | S2 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Apogonlachneri Böhlke, 1959 | Whitestar Cardinalfish | S2 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ2 | 1 | |
| Apogonmaculatus (Poey, 1860) | Flamefish | S2 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Apogonphenax Böhlke & Randall, 1968 | Mimic Cardinalfish | S2 | 2,11 | 1 | |||
| Apogonplanifrons Longley & Hildebrand, 1940 | Pale Cardinalfish | S2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Apogonpseudomaculatus Longley, 1932 | Twospot Cardinalfish | 2,4 | 1 | ||||
| Apogonquadrisquamatus Longley, 1934 | Sawcheek Cardinalfish | S2 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ22, SJ25 | 1 | YES |
| Apogonrobinsi Böhlke & Randall, 1968 | Roughlip Cardinalfish | 2 | -1 | ||||
| Apogontownsendi (Breder, 1927) | Belted Cardinalfish | S2 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Astrapogonpuncticulatus (Poey, 1867) | Blackfin Cardinalfish | S2 | 2 | 1 | YES | ||
| Astrapogonstellatus (Cope, 1867) | Conchfish | S2 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ5, SJ13 | YES | |
| Paroncheilusaffinis (Poey, 1875) | Bigtooth Cardinalfish | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Phaeoptyxconklini (Silvester, 1915) | Freckled Cardinalfish | S2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Phaeoptyxpigmentaria (Poey, 1860) | Dusky Cardinalfish | S2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Phaeoptyxxenus (Böhlke & Randall, 1968) | Sponge Cardinalfish | S2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Zapogonevermanni (Jordan & Snyder, 1904) | Oddscale Cardinalfish | S2 | SJ22 | YES | |||
| Atherinidae | |||||||
| Atherinaharringtonensis Goode, 1877 | Reef Silverside | 2 | 1 | 1 | YES | ||
| Atherinomorusstipes (Müller & Troschel, 1848) | Hardhead Silverside | S2 | 2,6 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Aulostomidae | |||||||
| Aulostomusmaculatus Valenciennes, 1841 | Atlantic Trumpetfish | S2 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Balistidae | |||||||
| Balistescapriscus Gmelin, 1789 | Gray Triggerfish | S3 | 2 | ||||
| Balistesvetula Linnaeus, 1758 | Queen Triggerfish | S3 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Canthidermissufflamen (Mitchill, 1815) | Ocean Triggerfish | S3 | 2 | 1 | SJ33 | ||
| Melichthysniger (Bloch, 1786) | Black Durgon | S3 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ33 | ||
| Xanthichthysringens (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sargassum Triggerfish | S3 | 2,5 | 1 | SJ33 | ||
| Belonidae | |||||||
| Ablenneshians (Valenciennes, 1846) | Barred Needlefish | S3 | |||||
| Platybeloneargalusargalus (Lesueur, 1821) | Keeltail Needlefish | S3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Strongyluratimucu (Walbaum, 1792) | Timucú | 2,6 | 1 | ||||
| Tylosurusacus (Lacepède, 1803) | Atlantic Agujón | FlMNH, MCZ | |||||
| Tylosuruscrocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821) | Houndfish | S3 | 2 | 1 | |||
| Blenniidae | |||||||
| Entomacrodusnigricans Gill, 1859 | Pearl Blenny | S3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Hypleurochiluspseudoaequipinnis Bath, 1994 | Oyster Blenny | S3 | 2,11 | 1 | YES | ||
| Hypleurochilusspringeri Randall, 1966 | Orangespotted Blenny | S3 | 2 | 1 | |||
| Hypsoblenniusinvemar Smith-Vaniz & Acero P., 1980 | Tessellated Blenny | S3 | 11 | 1 | ST11 | YES | |
| Ophioblenniusmacclurei (Silvester, 1915) | Redlip Blenny | S3 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Parablenniusmarmoreus (Poey, 1876) | Seaweed Blenny | S3 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Scartellacristata (Linnaeus, 1758) | Molly Miller | S3 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Bothidae | |||||||
| Bothuslunatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Peacock Flounder | S3 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Bothusmaculiferus (Poey, 1860) | Mottled Flounder | S3 | SJ3, SJ5, SJ28 | ||||
| Bothusocellatus (Agassiz, 1831) | Eyed Flounder | S3 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Bothusrobinsi Topp & Hoff, 1972 | Twospot Flounder | 2,3 | |||||
| Bythitidae | |||||||
| Calamopteryxgoslinei Böhlke & Cohen, 1966 | Longarm Brotula | 2 | -1 | ||||
| Grammonusclaudei (de la Torre y Huerta, 1930) | Reef-cave Brotula | 2 | 1 | -1 | |||
| Petrotyxsanguineus (Meek & Hildebrand, 1928) | Redfin Brotula | 2 | 1 | -1 | |||
| Callionymidae | |||||||
| Callionymusbairdi Jordan, 1888 | Lancer Dragonet | S3 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Chalinopspauciradiatus (Gill, 1865) | Spotted Dragonet | S3 | 2 | 1 | SJ28, SJ3, SJ5 | YES | |
| Carangidae | |||||||
| Alectisciliaris (Bloch, 1787) | African Pompano | S4 | 2 | 1 | ST1, SJ13 | ||
| Caranxbartholomaei Cuvier, 1833 | Yellow Jack | S4 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Caranxcrysos (Mitchill, 1815) | Blue Runner | S4 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Caranxhippos (Linnaeus, 1766) | Crevalle Jack | S4 | SJ29 | ||||
| Caranxlatus Agassiz, 1831 | Horse-eye Jack | S4 | 2,6 | 1 | |||
| Caranxlugubris Poey, 1860 | Black Jack | S4 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | SJ33 | ||
| Caranxruber (Bloch, 1793) | Bar Jack | S4 | 2,4,8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Chloroscombruschrysurus (Linnaeus, 1766) | Atlantic Bumper | 2 | |||||
| Decapterusmacarellus (Cuviers, 1833) | Mackerel Scad | S4 | 2 | 1 | |||
| Decapteruspunctatus (Cuvier, 1829) | Round Scad | S4 | 2 | 1 | |||
| Decapterustabl Berry, 1968 | Redtail Scad | S4 | SJ11 | ||||
| Elagatisbipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) | Rainbow Runner | S4 | 2 | 1 | SJ33 | ||
| Oligoplitessaurussaurus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | Leatherjack | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Selarcrumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793) | Bigeye Scad | S4 | 2 | 1 | SJ13 | ||
| Selenebrownii (Cuvier, 1816) | Caribbean Moonfish | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Selenevomer (Linnaeus, 1758) | Lookdown | FlMNH | |||||
| Serioladumerili (Risso, 1810) | Greater Amberjack | 2,5 | |||||
| Seriolarivoliana Valenciennes, 1833 | Almaco Jack | S4 | 2 | 1 | SJ16, SJ23 | ||
| Trachinotusfalcatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Permit | S4 | 2 | 1 | SJ22, SJ23 | ||
| Trachinotusgoodei Jordan & Evermann, 1896 | Palometa | S4 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ23, SJ15 | ||
| Carcharhinidae | |||||||
| Carcharhinusacronotus (Poey, 1860) | Blacknose Shark | S4 | 1,2,10 | 1 | SJ35, SJ27, ST7 | ||
| Carcharhinusfalciformis (Müller & Henle, 1839) | Silky Shark | S4 | 1, O1 | ||||
| Carcharhinusgalapagensis (Snodgrass & Heller, 1905) | Galapagos Shark | 2 | |||||
| Carcharhinuslimbatus (Müller & Henle, 1839) | Blacktip Shark | 1,2 | 1 | ||||
| Carcharhinuslongimanus (Poey, 1861) | Oceanic Whitetip Shark | NMNH | |||||
| Carcharhinusperezii (Poey, 1876) | Reef Shark | S4 | 2,10 | 1 | SJ13 | ||
| Carcharhinusplumbeus (Nardo, 1827) | Sandbar Shark | ANSP | |||||
| Negaprionbrevirostris (Poey, 1868) | Lemon Shark | S4 | 1,2,6,10 | 1 | SJ12, O2 | ||
| Rhizoprionodonporosus (Poey, 1861) | Caribbean Sharpnose Shark | 1,2,10 | 1 | ||||
| Centrophoridae | |||||||
| Centrophorusuyato (Rafinesque, 1810) | Little Gulper Shark | CAS | |||||
| Centropomidae | |||||||
| Centropomusensiferus Poey, 1860 | Swordspine Snook | 6 | 1 | ||||
| Centropomusundecimalis (Bloch, 1792) | Common Snook | S4 | 2,6 | 1 | |||
| Chaenopsidae | |||||||
| Acanthemblemariaaspera (Longley, 1927) | Roughhead Blenny | S5 | 2 | 1 | ST3 | YES | |
| Acanthemblemariamaria Böhlke, 1961 | Secretary Blenny | S5 | 4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Acanthemblemariaspinosa Metzelaar, 1919 | Spinyhead Blenny | S5 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Chaenopsislimbaughi Robins & Randall, 1965 | Yellowface Pikeblenny | S5 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Chaenopsisocellata Poey, 1865 | Bluethroat Pikeblenny | 2,4 | 1 | ||||
| Coralliozetuscardonae Evermann & Marsh, 1899 | Twinhorn Blenny | S5 | 11 | 1 | YES | ||
| Emblemariapandionis Evermann & Marsh, 1900 | Sailfin Blenny | S5 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Emblemariavitta Williams, 2002 | Ribbon Blenny | S5 | 2,3 | 1 | ST6 | -1 | YES |
| Emblemariopsisbahamensis Stephens, 1961 | Blackhead Blenny | S5 | 1 | YES | |||
| Emblemariopsiscarib Victor, 2010 | Carib Blenny | 2 | 1 | -1 | YES | ||
| Emblemariopsisleptocirris Stephens, 1970 | Fine-cirrus Blenny | S5 | 2,11 | -1 | YES | ||
| Emblemariopsisruetzleri Tyler & Tyler, 1997 | Ruetzler’s Blenny | BOLD, NMNH | YES | ||||
| Lucayablenniuszingaro (Böhlke, 1957) | Arrow Blenny | S5 | SJ18, SJ19 | ||||
| Chaetodontidae | |||||||
| Chaetodoncapistratus Linnaeus, 1758 | Foureye Butterflyfish | S5 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Chaetodonocellatus Bloch, 1787 | Spotfin Butterflyfish | S5 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Chaetodonsedentarius Poey, 1860 | Reef Butterflyfish | S5 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | |||
| Chaetodonstriatus Linnaeus, 1758 | Banded Butterflyfish | S5 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Prognathodesaculeatus (Poey, 1860) | Longsnout Butterflyfish | S5 | 2,5,8 | 1 | |||
| Prognathodesguyanensis (Durand, 1960) | Guyana Butterflyfish | 2,5,8,11 | |||||
| Chaunacidae | |||||||
| Chaunax pixtus Fowler, 1946 | Uniform Gaper | 5 | |||||
| Chaunaxsuttkusi Caruso, 1989 | Pale-cavity Gaper | CAS | |||||
| Chlopsidae | |||||||
| Chilorhinussuensonii Lütken, 1852 | Seagrass Eel | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Kaupichthyshyoproroides (Strömman, 1896) | False Moray | 2 | 1 | -1 | |||
| Kaupichthysnuchalis Böhlke, 1967 | Collared Eel | 2,11 | 1 | ||||
| Chlorophthalmidae | |||||||
| Parasudistruculenta (Goode & Bean, 1896) | Longnose Greeneye | 5 | |||||
| Cichlidae | |||||||
| Oreochromismossambicus (Peters, 1852) | Mozambique Tilapia | 6 | 1 | ||||
| Cirrhitidae | |||||||
| Amblycirrhituspinos (Mowbray, 1927) | Redspotted Hawkfish | S5 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Clupeidae | |||||||
| Harengulaclupeola (Cuvier, 1829) | False Pilchard | 2 | 1 | YES | |||
| Harengulahumeralis (Cuvier, 1829) | Redear Sardine | S5 | 2 | 1 | SJ28, SJ13 | YES | |
| Harengulajaguana Poey, 1865 | Scaled Sardine | FlMNH | |||||
| Opisthonemaoglinum (Lesueur, 1818) | Atlantic Thread Herring | FlMNH | YES | ||||
| Sardinellaaurita Valenciennes, 1847 | Spanish Sardine | FlMNH | |||||
| Congridae | |||||||
| Ariosomabalearicum (Delaroche, 1809) | Bandtooth Conger | 2 | |||||
| Congertriporiceps Kanazawa, 1958 | Manytooth Conger | 4 | 1 | ||||
| Heterocongerlongissimus Günther, 1870 | Brown Garden Eel | S5 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Xenomystaxbidentatus (Reid, 1940) | Rabbit Conger | NMNH | |||||
| Coryphaenidae | |||||||
| Coryphaenaequiselis Linnaeus, 1758 | Pompano Dolphinfish | ROM | |||||
| Coryphaenahippurus Linnaeus, 1758 | Dolphinfish | S5 | 2 | 1 | |||
| Cynoglossidae | |||||||
| Symphurusarawak Robins & Randall, 1965 | Caribbean Tonguefish | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Dactylopteridae | |||||||
| Dactylopterusvolitans (Linnaeus, 1758) | Flying Gurnard | S5 | 4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Dactyloscopidae | |||||||
| Dactyloscopuscomptus Dawson, 1982 | Ornamented Stargazer | 2,11 | 1 | ||||
| Dactyloscopuscrossotus Starks, 1913 | Bigeye Stargazer | AMNH | |||||
| Dactyloscopuspoeyi Gill, 1861 | Shortchin Stargazer | FlMNH | |||||
| Dactyloscopustridigitatus Gill, 1859 | Sand Stargazer | S5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Gillellusgreyae Kanazawa, 1952 | Arrow Stargazer | 2 | -1 | ||||
| Gillellusuranidea Böhlke, 1968 | Warteye Stargazer | 2 | -1 | YES | |||
| Platygillellusrubrocinctus (Longley, 1934) | Saddle Stargazer | ||||||
| Dasyatidae | |||||||
| Hypanusamericanus (Hildebrand & Schroeder, 1928) | Southern Stingray | S5 | 1,2,4,10 | 1 | |||
| Diodontidae | |||||||
| Chilomycterusantennatus (Cuvier, 1816) | Bridled Burrfish | S5 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ18 | ||
| Chilomycterusantillarum Jordan & Rutter, 1897 | Web Burrfish | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Diodonholocanthus Linnaeus, 1758 | Balloonfish | S5 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ11, SJ13 | -1 | |
| Diodonhystrix Linnaeus, 1758 | Porcupinefish | S5 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Echeneidae | |||||||
| Echeneisnaucrates Linnaeus, 1758 | Sharksucker | S6 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ19, SJ23 | YES | |
| Echeneisneucratoides Zuiew, 1789 | Whitefin Sharksucker | S6 | 1 | ||||
| Remoraremora (Linnaeus, 1758) | The Remora | S6 | 1 | O3 | YES | ||
| Eleotridae | |||||||
| Dormitatormaculatus (Bloch, 1792) | Fat Sleeper | S6 | 6 | 1 | SJ10 | ||
| Eleotrisperniger (Cope, 1871) | Smallscaled Spinycheek Sleeper | S6 | 6 | 1 | SJ10 | ||
| Erotelissmaragdus (Valenciennes, 1837) | Emerald Sleeper | 6 | 1 | ||||
| Gobiomorusdormitor Lacepède, 1800 | Bigmouth Sleeper | S6 | 1 | ||||
| Elopidae | |||||||
| Elopssmithi McBride, Rocha, Ruiz-Carus & Bowen, 2010 | Malacho | 2,6 | YES | ||||
| Engraulidae | |||||||
| Anchoalyolepis (Evermann & Marsh, 1900) | Dusky Anchovy | 2 | 1 | YES | |||
| Ephippidae | |||||||
| Chaetodipterusfaber (Broussonet, 1782) | Atlantic Spadefish | S6 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ18, ST2 | ||
| Epigonidae | |||||||
| Epigonuspandionis (Goode & Bean, 1881) | Caudal-ring Deepwater Cardinalfish | CAS | |||||
| Exocoetidae | |||||||
| Cheilopogonexsiliens (Linnaeus, 1771) | Bandwing Flyingfish | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Exocoetusobtusirostris Günther, 1866 | Oceanic Two-wing Flyingfish | MCZ | |||||
| Hirundichthysaffinis (Günther, 1866) | Fourwing Flyingfish | 2 | |||||
| Hirundichthysspeculiger (Valenciennes, 1847) | Mirrorwing Flyingfish | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Prognichthysoccidentalis Parin, 1999 | Bluntnose Flyingfish | S6 | YES | ||||
| Fistulariidae | |||||||
| Fistulariatabacaria Linnaeus, 1758 | Bluespotted Cornetfish | S6 | 2 | O4 | |||
| Galeocerdonidae | |||||||
| Galeocerdocuvier (Peron & Lesueur, 1822) | Tiger Shark | 10 | |||||
| Gempylidae | |||||||
| Epinnulamagistralis Poey, 1854 | Domine | 5 | 1 | ||||
| Gerreidae | |||||||
| Eucinostomusargenteus Baird & Girard, 1855 | Spotfin Mojarra | 2 | 1 | YES | |||
| Eucinostomusgula (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) | Silver Jenny | S6 | 4 | 1 | SJ18, SJ13, SJ3 | ||
| Eucinostomusharengulus Goode & Bean, 1879 | Tidewater Mojarra | S6 | 1 | SJ28 | |||
| Eucinostomushavana (Nichols, 1912) | Bigeye Mojarra | FlMNH | |||||
| Eucinostomusjonesii (Günther, 1879) | Slender Mojarra | S6 | 4,6 | SJ28 | |||
| Eucinostomuslefroyi (Goode, 1874) | Mottled Mojarra | S6 | SJ28, SJ21 | ||||
| Eucinostomusmelanopterus (Bleeker, 1863) | Flagfin Mojarra | S6 | 4 | 1 | SJ28 | ||
| Eugerresbrasilianus (Cuvier, 1830) | Brazilian Mojarra | 6,11 | 1 | ||||
| Gerrescinereus (Walbaum, 1792) | Yellowfin Mojarra | S6 | 2,4,6 | 1 | |||
| Ginglymostomatidae | |||||||
| Ginglymostomacirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788) | Nurse Shark | S6 | 1,2,4,10 | 1 | |||
| Gobiesocidae | |||||||
| Acyrtopsamplicirrus Briggs, 1955 | Flarenostril Clingfish | 2 | |||||
| Acyrtopsberyllinus (Hildebrand & Ginsburg, 1927) | Emerald Clingfish | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Acyrtusartius Briggs, 1955 | Papillate Clingfish | 2 | |||||
| Acyrtusrubiginosus (Poey, 1868) | Red Clingfish | S6 | 1 | SJ23, SJ13, SJ5 | YES | ||
| Arcosnudus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Padded Clingfish | S6 | 2 | 1 | SJ23 | 1 | |
| Gobiesoxnigripinnis (Peters, 1859) | Dark-finned Clingfish | S6 | 2 | 1 | SJ29 | ||
| Gobiesoxpunctulatus (Poey, 1876) | Stippled Clingfish | S6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Tomicodoncryptus Williams & Tyler, 2003 | Cryptic Clingfish | S6 | YES | ||||
| Tomicodonfasciatus (Peters, 1859) | Barred Clingfish | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Tomicodonleurodiscus Williams & Tyler, 2003 | Smooth-suckered Clingfish | 11 | 1 | ||||
| Tomicodonreitzae Briggs, 2001 | Accidental Clingfish | S6 | YES | ||||
| Tomicodonrhabdotus Smith-Vaniz, 1969 | Antillean Clingfish | S6 | O24 | ||||
| Tomicodonrupestris (Poey, 1860) | Barred Clingfish | 11 | 1 | ||||
| Gobiidae | |||||||
| Awaousbanana (Valenciennes, 1837) | River Goby | S7 | 1 | SJ10 | |||
| Barbuliferceuthoecus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1884) | Bearded Goby | 2 | 1 | YES | |||
| Bathygobiusantilliensis Tornabene, Baldwin & Pezold, 2010 | Antilles Frillfin | S7 | SJ36 | YES | |||
| Bathygobiuscuracao (Metzelaar, 1919) | Notchtongue Goby | 11 | 1 | YES | |||
| Bathygobiuslacertus (Poey, 1860) | Checkerboard Frillfin | FlMNH | YES | ||||
| Bathygobiusmystacium Ginsburg, 1947 | Island Frillfin | S7 | SJ21, SJ19 | YES | |||
| Bathygobiussoporator (Valenciennes, 1837) | Frillfin Goby | 2,6,11 | 1 | YES | |||
| Bollmanniaboqueronensis Evermann & Marsh, 1899 | White-eye Goby | S7 | 4 | SJ19 | YES | ||
| Cerdalefloridana Longley, 1934 | Pugjaw Wormfish | S7 | 2 | 1 | SJ23 | 1 | |
| Coryphopterusalloides Böhlke & Robins, 1960 | Barfin Goby | 2 | 1 | -1 | |||
| Coryphopterusdicrus Böhlke & Robins, 1960 | Colon Goby | S7 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Coryphopteruseidolon Böhlke & Robins, 1960 | Pallid Goby | S7 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Coryphopterusglaucofraenum Gill, 1863 | Bridled Goby | S7 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Coryphopterushyalinus Böhlke & Robins, 1962 | Glass Goby | S7 | 2 | 1 | -1 | YES | |
| Coryphopteruskuna Victor, 2007 | Kuna Goby | S7 | SJ5, SJ12 | ||||
| Coryphopteruslipernes Böhlke & Robins, 1962 | Peppermint Goby | S7 | 2,4 | 1 | ST6 | YES | |
| Coryphopteruspersonatus (Jordan & Thompson, 1905) | Masked Goby | S7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Coryphopterusthrix Böhlke & Robins, 1960 | Bartail Goby | 2 | 1 | 1 | YES | ||
| Coryphopterustortugae (Jordan, 1904) | Sand Goby | S7 | 1 | YES | |||
| Coryphopterusvenezuelae Cervigón, 1966 | Venezuela Goby | S7 | 1 | YES | |||
| Ctenogobiusboleosoma (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) | Darter Goby | S7 | 6 | 1 | SJ28 | YES | |
| Ctenogobiussaepepallens (Gilbert & Randall, 1968) | Dash Goby | S7 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Ctenogobiussmaragdus (Valenciennes, 1837) | Emerald Goby | 11 | |||||
| Ctenogobiusstigmaturus (Goode & Bean, 1882) | Spottail Goby | S7 | SJ28 | YES | |||
| Elacatinuschancei (Beebe & Hollister, 1933) | Shortstripe Goby | S7 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Elacatinusevelynae (Böhlke & Robins, 1968) | Sharknose Goby | S7 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Elacatinusprochilos (Böhlke & Robins, 1968) | Broadstripe Goby | S7 | 1 | YES | |||
| Evorthoduslyricus (Girard, 1858) | Lyre Goby | 6 | 1 | ||||
| Ginsburgellusnovemlineatus (Fowler, 1950) | Ninelined Goby | S7 | 1 | SJ23, SJ5 | YES | ||
| Gnatholepisthompsoni Jordan, 1904 | Goldspot Goby | S7 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Gobionellusoceanicus (Pallas, 1770) | Highfin Goby | S7 | 1 | SJ28 | |||
| Gobiosomagrosvenori (Robins, 1964) | Rockcut Goby | 4 | 1 | ||||
| Lophogobiuscyprinoides (Pallas, 1770) | Crested Goby | S8 | 6 | 1 | SJ28 | ||
| Lythrypnuselasson Böhlke & Robins, 1960 | Dwarf Goby | S8 | 2 | AMNH | ST5 | 1 | YES |
| Lythrypnusminimus Garzón-Ferreira & Acero P., 1988 | Pygmy Goby | S8 | YES | ||||
| Lythrypnusnesiotes Böhlke & Robins, 1960 | Island Goby | S8 | 2 | 1 | SJ34 | 1 | YES |
| Lythrypnusspilus Böhlke & Robins, 1960 | Bluegold Goby | S8 | ST3 | ||||
| Microgobiuscarri Fowler, 1945 | Seminole Goby | S8 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ19, SJ25 | 1 | YES |
| Microgobiussignatus Poey, 1876 | Signal Goby | S8 | 1 | SJ28, SJ22, SJ3 | YES | ||
| Neslongus (Nichols, 1914) | Orangespotted Goby | S8 | 4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Oxyurichthysstigmalophius (Mead & Böhlke, 1958) | Spotfin Goby | S8 | 4 | 1 | SJ5, SJ19, SJ28 | ||
| Palatogobiusparadoxus Gilbert, 1971 | Mauve Goby | 2,11 | 1 | ||||
| Priolepishipoliti (Metzelaar, 1922) | Rusty Goby | S8 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Psilotriscelsa Böhlke, 1963 | Highspine Goby | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Ptereleotrishelenae (Randall, 1968) | Hovering Dartfish | S8 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Risorruber (Rosén, 1911) | Tusked Goby | S8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Sicydiumplumieri (Bloch, 1786) | Sirajo Goby | S8 | 6 | 1 | SJ10 | YES | |
| Sicydiumpunctatum Perugia, 1896 | Spotted Algae-eating Goby | S8 | 1 | SJ10 | YES | ||
| Tigrigobiusdilepis (Robins & Böhlke, 1964) | Orangesided Goby | 4 | 1 | ||||
| Tigrigobiusmultifasciatus (Steindachner, 1876) | Greenbanded Goby | S8 | 2 | 1 | YES | ||
| Tigrigobiuspallens (Ginsburg, 1939) | Semiscaled Goby | S8 | SJ23 | ||||
| Tigrigobiussaucrus (Robins, 1960) | Leopard Goby | S8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Grammatidae | |||||||
| Grammalinki Starck & Colin, 1978 | Yellowcheek Basslet | 2,5,8 | 1 | ||||
| Grammaloreto Poey, 1868 | Fairy Basslet | S8 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Haemulidae | |||||||
| Anisotremussurinamensis (Bloch, 1791) | Black Margate | S9 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Anisotremusvirginicus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Porkfish | S9 | 2,5,6,8 | 1 | YES | ||
| Brachygenyschrysargyrea (Günther, 1859) | Smallmouth Grunt | S9 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Emmelichthyopsatlanticus Schultz, 1945 | Bonnetmouth | S9 | 2 | ST8 | |||
| Haemulonalbum Cuvier, 1830 | Margate | S9 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ7 | ||
| Haemulonaurolineatum Cuvier, 1830 | Tomtate | S9 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Haemuloncarbonarium Poey, 1860 | Caesar Grunt | S9 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Haemulonflavolineatum (Desmarest, 1823) | French Grunt | S9 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Haemulonmacrostoma Günther, 1859 | Spanish Grunt | S9 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Haemulonmelanurum (Linnaeus, 1758) | Cottonwick | S9 | 2 | 1 | O5 | YES | |
| Haemulonparra (Desmarest, 1823) | Sailors Choice | S9 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ1, SJ21 | YES | |
| Haemulonplumierii (Lacepède, 1801) | White Grunt | S9 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Haemulonsciurus (Shaw, 1803) | Bluestriped Grunt | S9 | 2,4,5 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Haemulonstriatum (Linnaeus, 1758) | Striped Grunt | 2,4 | 1 | YES | |||
| Haemulonvittatum (Poey, 1860) | Boga | S9 | 2,4 | 1 | ST6, ST8, ST2 | 1 | |
| Hemiramphidae | |||||||
| Euleptorhamphusvelox Poey, 1868 | Flying Halfbeak | MCZ | |||||
| Hemiramphusbalao Lesueur, 1821 | Balao | MCZ | |||||
| Hemiramphusbrasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758) | Ballyhoo | S9 | 2 | 1 | |||
| Hyporhamphusunifasciatus (Ranzani, 1841) | Atlantic Silverstripe Halfbeak | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Hexanchidae | |||||||
| Heptranchiasperlo (Bonnaterre, 1788) | Sharpnose Sevengill Shark | FlMNH | |||||
| Hexanchusvitulus Springer & Waller, 1969 | Atlantic Sixgill Shark | FlMNH | |||||
| Holocentridae | |||||||
| Holocentrusadscensionis (Osbeck, 1765) | Squirrelfish | S9 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Holocentrusrufus (Walbaum, 1792) | Longspine Squirrelfish | S9 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Myripristisjacobus Cuvier, 1829 | Blackbar Soldierfish | S9 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Neoniphoncoruscum (Poey, 1860) | Reef Squirrelfish | S9 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Neoniphonmarianus (Cuvier, 1829) | Longjaw Squirrelfish | S9 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Neoniphonvexillarium (Poey, 1860) | Dusky Squirrelfish | S9 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Ostichthystrachypoma (Günther, 1859) | Bigeye Soldierfish | 2,5,8 | 1 | ||||
| Plectrypopsretrospinis (Guichenot, 1853) | Cardinal Soldierfish | S9 | 2,5,8 | 1 | SJ9, SJ22, ST3 | 1 | |
| Sargocentronbullisi (Woods, 1955) | Deepwater Squirrelfish | 2,11 | 1 | ||||
| Ipnopidae | |||||||
| Bathypteroisbigelowi Mead, 1958 | Spottail Tripodfish | CAS | |||||
| Bathypteroisphenax Parr, 1928 | Blackfin Spiderfish | 9 | |||||
| Bathypteroisviridensis (Roule, 1916) | Twobanded Tripodfish | 9 | |||||
| Ipnopsmurrayi Günther, 1878 | Grideye Fish | 9 | |||||
| Istiophoridae | |||||||
| Istiophorusplatypterus (Shaw, 1792) | Sailfish | S9 | 2 | ||||
| Kajikiaalbida (Poey, 1860) | White Marlin | S9 | 2 | ||||
| Makairanigricans Lacepède, 1802 | Blue Marlin | 2 | YES | ||||
| Tetrapturuspfluegeri Robins & de Sylva, 1963 | Longbill Spearfish | 2 | |||||
| Kyphosidae | |||||||
| Kyphosuscinerascens (Forsskål, 1775) | Topsail Seachub | S10 | |||||
| Kyphosussectatrix (Linnaeus, 1758) | Bermuda Chub | S10 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Kyphosusvaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) | Yellow Chub | S10 | 1 | ||||
| Labridae | |||||||
| Labrinae | |||||||
| Bodianusrufus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Spanish Hogfish | S10 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | YES | ||
| Clepticusparrae (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | Creole Wrasse | S10 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | YES | ||
| Decodonpuellaris (Poey, 1860) | Red Hogfish | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Doratonotusmegalepis Günther, 1862 | Dwarf Wrasse | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Halichoeresbivittatus (Bloch, 1791) | Slippery Dick | S10 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Halichoerescaudalis (Poey, 1860) | Painted Wrasse | NOAA | |||||
| Halichoerescyanocephalus (Bloch, 1791) | Yellowcheek Wrasse | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Halichoeresgarnoti (Valenciennes, 1839) | Yellowhead Wrasse | S10 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Halichoeresmaculipinna (Müller & Troschel, 1848) | Clown Wrasse | S10 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Halichoerespictus (Poey, 1860) | Rainbow Wrasse | S10 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Halichoerespoeyi (Steindachner, 1867) | Blackear Wrasse | S10 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Halichoeresradiatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Puddingwife | S10 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Lachnolaimusmaximus (Walbaum, 1792) | Hogfish | S10 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | |||
| Thalassomabifasciatum (Bloch, 1791) | Bluehead | S10 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Xyrichtysmartinicensis Valenciennes, 1840 | Rosy Razorfish | S10 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Xyrichtysnovacula (Linnaeus, 1758) | Pearly Razorfish | S10 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Xyrichtyssplendens Castelnau, 1855 | Green Razorfish | S10 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Scarinae | |||||||
| Cryptotomusroseus Cope, 1871 | Bluelip Parrotfish | S10 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Scaruscoelestinus Valenciennes, 1840 | Midnight Parrotfish | S10 | 2 | 1 | O6 | 1 | |
| Scaruscoeruleus (Edwards, 1771) | Blue Parrotfish | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Scarusguacamaia Cuvier, 1829 | Rainbow Parrotfish | S10 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ28, SJ33, O2 | ||
| Scarusiseri (Bloch, 1789) | Striped Parrotfish | S10 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Scarustaeniopterus Lesson, 1829 | Princess Parrotfish | S10 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Scarusvetula Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | Queen Parrotfish | S10 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Sparisomaatomarium (Poey, 1861) | Greenblotch Parrotfish | S11 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Sparisomaaurofrenatum (Valenciennes, 1840) | Redband Parrotfish | S11 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Sparisomachrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | Redtail Parrotfish | S11 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Sparisomaradians (Valenciennes, 1840) | Bucktooth Parrotfish | S11 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Sparisomarubripinne (Valenciennes, 1840) | Yellowtail Parrotfish | S11 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Sparisomaviride (Bonnaterre, 1788) | Stoplight Parrotfish | S11 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Labrisomidae | |||||||
| Brockiusalbigenys Beebe & Tee-Van, 1928 | Whitecheek Blenny | DNA | Berry Bay, St. John | YES | |||
| Brockiusnigricinctus (Howell Rivero, 1936) | Spotcheek Blenny | S11 | 1 | SJ21 | YES | ||
| Gobioclinusbucciferus (Poey, 1868) | Puffcheek Blenny | S11 | 2 | 1 | YES | ||
| Gobioclinusfilamentosus (Springer, 1960) | Quillfin Blenny | S11 | 3,11 | 1 | O7 | YES | |
| Gobioclinusgobio (Valenciennes, 1836) | Palehead Blenny | S11 | 2 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Gobioclinusguppyi (Norman, 1922) | Mimic Blenny | S11 | 2 | 1 | -1 | YES | |
| Gobioclinushaitiensis (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1928) | Longfin Blenny | S11 | 2 | 1 | SJ12 | 1 | YES |
| Labrisomuscricota Sazima, Gasparini & Moura, 2002 | Mock Blenny | S11 | SJ10 | ||||
| Labrisomusnuchipinnis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) | Hairy Blenny | S11 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Malacoctenusaurolineatus Smith, 1957 | Goldline Blenny | S11 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Malacoctenusboehlkei Springer, 1959 | Diamond Blenny | S11 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Malacoctenuserdmani Smith, 1957 | Imitator Blenny | S11 | SJ23 | YES | |||
| Malacoctenusgilli (Steindachner, 1867) | Dusky Blenny | S11 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Malacoctenusmacropus (Poey, 1868) | Rosy Blenny | S11 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Malacoctenustriangulatus Springer, 1959 | Saddled Blenny | S11 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Malacoctenusversicolor (Poey, 1876) | Barfin Blenny | S11 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ23, SJ12 | YES | |
| Nemaclinusatelestos Böhlke & Springer, 1975 | Threadfin Blenny | 2,11 | 1 | ||||
| Paraclinusbarbatus Springer, 1955 | Goatee Blenny | 2,11 | |||||
| Paraclinuscingulatus (Evermann & Marsh, 1899) | Coral Blenny | 2 | |||||
| Paraclinusfasciatus (Steindachner, 1876) | Banded Blenny | S11 | 2 | SJ12 | |||
| Paraclinusnigripinnis (Steindachner, 1867) | Blackfin Blenny | S11 | 2 | 1 | SJ12 | YES | |
| Starksiaculebrae (Evermann & Marsh, 1899) | Culebra Blenny | S11 | 2 | 1 | ST2, SJ13 | YES | |
| Starksiahassi Klausewitz, 1958 | Ringed Blenny | S11 | 2,11 | 1 | SJ24 | 1 | |
| Starksialepicoelia Böhlke & Springer, 1961 | Blackcheek Blenny | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Starksiananodes Böhlke & Springer, 1961 | Dwarf Blenny | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Starksiawilliamsi Baldwin & Castillo, 2011 | Williams’s Blenny | S11 | SJ2, SJ13 | YES | |||
| Stathmonotusgymnodermis Springer, 1955 | Naked Blenny | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Stathmonotusstahli (Evermann & Marsh, 1899) | Southern Eelgrass Blenny | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Latilidae | |||||||
| Caulolatiluscyanops Poey, 1866 | Blackline Tilefish | 2 | |||||
| Lobotidae | |||||||
| Lobotessurinamensis (Bloch, 1790) | Atlantic Tripletail | S11 | 2 | 1 | O18 | ||
| Lutjanidae | |||||||
| Apsilusdentatus Guichenot, 1853 | Black Snapper | 2 | |||||
| Etelisoculatus (Valenciennes, 1828) | Queen Snapper | S12 | 2,5,8 | YES | |||
| Lutjanusanalis (Cuvier, 1828) | Mutton Snapper | S12 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | YES | ||
| Lutjanusapodus (Walbaum, 1792) | Schoolmaster | S12 | 2,4,5,6,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Lutjanusbuccanella (Cuvier, 1828) | Blackfin Snapper | S12 | 2,5,8 | 1 | YES | ||
| Lutjanuscyanopterus (Cuvier, 1828) | Cubera Snapper | S12 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Lutjanusgriseus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Gray Snapper | S12 | 2,4,6 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Lutjanusjocu (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | Dog Snapper | S12 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | YES | ||
| Lutjanusmahogoni (Cuvier, 1828) | Mahogany Snapper | S12 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Lutjanuspurpureus (Poey, 1866) | Caribbean Red Snapper | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Lutjanussynagris (Linnaeus, 1758) | Lane Snapper | S12 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Lutjanusvivanus (Cuvier, 1828) | Silk Snapper | S12 | 2,5,8 | 1 | YES | ||
| Ocyuruschrysurus (Bloch, 1791) | Yellowtail Snapper | S12 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Pristipomoidesmacrophthalmus (Müller & Troschel, 1848) | Cardinal Snapper | 2 | |||||
| Rhomboplitesaurorubens (Cuvier, 1829) | Vermilion Snapper | S12 | 2 | SJ20 | |||
| Malacanthidae | |||||||
| Malacanthusplumieri (Bloch, 1786) | Sand Tilefish | S12 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Megalopidae | |||||||
| Megalopsatlanticus Valenciennes, 1847 | Tarpon | S12 | 2,6 | 1 | |||
| Mobulidae | |||||||
| Mobulabirostris (Walbaum, 1792) | Giant Manta | S12 | 2 | ||||
| Mobulacfbirostris | Caribbean Manta | S12 | SJ12 | ||||
| Monacanthidae | |||||||
| Aluterusmonoceros (Linnaeus, 1758) | Unicorn Filefish | S12 | O23 | ||||
| Aluterusschoepfii (Walbaum, 1792) | Orange Filefish | S12 | 1 | SJ34 | |||
| Aluterusscriptus (Osbeck, 1765) | Scrawled Filefish | S12 | 4 | 1 | |||
| Cantherhinesmacrocerus (Hollard, 1853) | Whitespotted Filefish | S12 | 2 | 1 | YES | ||
| Cantherhinespullus (Ranzani, 1842) | Orangespotted Filefish | S12 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Monacanthusciliatus (Mitchill, 1818) | Fringed Filefish | S12 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Monacanthustuckeri Bean, 1906 | Slender Filefish | S12 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Stephanolepishispida (Linnaeus, 1766) | Planehead Filefish | FlMNH | |||||
| Stephanolepissetifer (Bennett, 1831) | Pygmy Filefish | 2 | |||||
| Moringuidae | |||||||
| Moringuaedwardsi (Jordan & Bollman, 1889) | Spaghetti Eel | 2 | 1 | -1 | |||
| Mugilidae | |||||||
| Dajausmonticola (Bancroft, 1834) | Mountain Mullet | S13 | 6 | 1 | SJ10 | ||
| Mugilcurema Valenciennes, 1836 | White Mullet | S13 | 2,6 | SJ21 | YES | ||
| Mugilrubrioculus Harrison, Nirchio, Oliveira, Ron & Gaviria, 2007 | Redeye Mullet | S13 | DNA | YES | |||
| Mugiltrichodon Poey, 1875 | Fantail Mullet | ROM | |||||
| Mullidae | |||||||
| Mulloidichthysmartinicus (Cuvier, 1829) | Yellow Goatfish | S13 | 2,4,6 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Pseudupeneusmaculatus (Bloch, 1793) | Spotted Goatfish | S13 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Muraenidae | |||||||
| Echidnacatenata (Bloch, 1795) | Chain Moray | S13 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ21, SJ10 | 1 | |
| Enchelycorecarychroa Böhlke & Böhlke, 1976 | Chestnut Moray | S13 | 2 | 1 | SJ5 | 1 | |
| Enchelycorenigricans (Bonnaterre, 1788) | Viper Moray | S13 | 2 | 1 | SJ9 | 1 | |
| Gymnothoraxconspersus Poey, 1867 | Saddled Moray | ANSP | |||||
| Gymnothoraxfunebris Ranzani, 1839 | Green Moray | S13 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Gymnothoraxmaderensis (Johnson, 1862) | Sharktooth Moray | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Gymnothoraxmiliaris (Kaup, 1856) | Goldentail Moray | S13 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Gymnothoraxmoringa (Cuvier, 1829) | Spotted Moray | S13 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Gymnothoraxvicinus (Castelnau, 1855) | Purplemouth Moray | S13 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Uropterygiusmacularius (Lesueur, 1825) | Marbled Moray | S13 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Myctophidae | |||||||
| Centrobranchusnigroocellatus (Günther, 1873) | Roundnose Lanternfish | ROM | |||||
| Neoscopelidae | |||||||
| Neoscopelusmacrolepidotus Johnson, 1863 | Largescale Blackchin | CAS | |||||
| Nomeidae | |||||||
| Psenescyanophrys Valenciennes, 1833 | Freckled Driftfish | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Ogcocephalidae | |||||||
| Ogcocephalusnasutus (Cuvier, 1829) | Shortnose Batfish | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Ogcocephaluspumilus Bradbury, 1980 | Dwarf Batfish | CAS | |||||
| Ophichthidae | |||||||
| Ahliaegmontis (Jordan, 1884) | Key Worm Eel | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Aprognathodonplatyventris Böhlke, 1967 | Stripe Eel | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Callechelysguineensis (Osório, 1893) | Shorttail Snake Eel | 11 | 1 | ||||
| Echiophisintertinctus (Richardson, 1848) | Spotted Spoon-nose Eel | 2 | |||||
| Ichthyapusophioneus (Evermann & Marsh, 1900) | Surf Eel | FlMNH | |||||
| Myrichthysbreviceps (Richardson, 1848) | Sharptail Eel | S13 | 2 | SJ13 | |||
| Myrichthysocellatus (Lesueur, 1825) | Goldspotted Eel | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Myrophisanterodorsalis McCosker, Böhlke & Böhlke, 1989 | Longfin Worm Eel | S13 | SJ28 | ||||
| Myrophisplatyrhynchus Breder, 1927 | Broadnose Worm Eel | 2 | 1 | YES | |||
| Myrophispunctatus Lütken, 1852 | Speckled Worm Eel | 2,11 | 1 | ||||
| Ophidiidae | |||||||
| Brotulabarbata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | Atlantic Bearded Brotula | 2 | 1 | -1 | |||
| Lepophidiumpheromystax Robins, 1960 | Upsilon Cusk-eel | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Luciobrotulacorethromycter* Cohen, 1964 | Broomnose Cusk-eel | 9 | |||||
| Ophidionholbrookii Putnam, 1874 | Bank Cusk-eel | 2,3,11 | 1 | -1 | |||
| Parophidionschmidti (Woods & Kanazawa, 1951) | Dusky Cusk-eel | 1 | |||||
| Xyelacybamyersi* Cohen, 1961 | Gargoyle Cusk-eel | 9 | |||||
| Opistognathidae | |||||||
| Lonchopisthusmicrognathus (Poey, 1860) | Swordtail Jawfish | S13 | 4 | 1 | SJ28, SJ19 | YES | |
| Opistognathusaurifrons (Jordan & Thompson, 1905) | Yellowhead Jawfish | S13 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Opistognathusmacrognathus Poey, 1860 | Banded Jawfish | S13 | 2,4,11 | 1 | SJ5, SJ13, SJ19 | ||
| Opistognathusmaxillosus Poey, 1860 | Mottled Jawfish | S13 | 2 | 1 | SJ5, SJ13, SJ19 | 1 | |
| Opistognathuswhitehursti (Longley, 1927) | Dusky Jawfish | S13 | 1 | SJ12 | |||
| Ostraciidae | |||||||
| Acanthostracionpolygonium Poey, 1876 | Honeycomb Cowfish | S13 | 2 | 1 | |||
| Acanthostracionquadricornis (Linnaeus, 1758) | Scrawled Cowfish | S13 | 2 | 1 | |||
| Lactophrysbicaudalis (Linnaeus, 1758) | Spotted Trunkfish | S13 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Lactophrystrigonus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Trunkfish | S13 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Lactophrystriqueter (Linnaeus, 1758) | Smooth Trunkfish | S13 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Paralichthyidae | |||||||
| Citharichthyscornutus (Günther, 1880) | Horned Whiff | FMNH | |||||
| Citharichthysuhleri Jordan, 1889 | Voodoo Whiff | FlMNH | |||||
| Cyclopsettafimbriata (Goode & Bean, 1885) | Spotfin Flounder | S14 | 2 | 1 | SJ12, O14 | ||
| Syaciummicrurum Ranzani, 1842 | Channel Flounder | 2 | 1 | YES | |||
| Parazenidae | |||||||
| Cyttopsisrosea (Lowe, 1843) | Red Dory | 5 | |||||
| Pempheridae | |||||||
| Pempherisschomburgkii Müller & Troschel, 1848 | Glassy Sweeper | S14 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ13, ST3, SJ15 | YES | |
| Poeciliidae | |||||||
| Poeciliareticulata Peters, 1859 | Guppy | S14 | 1 | SJ10 | |||
| Polymixiidae | |||||||
| Polymixialowei Günther, 1859 | Beardfish | FlMNH, CAS | |||||
| Polymixianobilis Lowe, 1836 | Noble Beardfish | 5,8 | |||||
| Polynemidae | |||||||
| Polydactylusvirginicus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Barbu | FlMNH | |||||
| Pomacanthidae | |||||||
| Centropygeargi Woods & Kanazawa, 1951 | Cherubfish | S14 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | O21 | ||
| Holacanthusciliaris (Linnaeus, 1758) | Queen Angelfish | S14 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Holacanthustricolor (Bloch, 1795) | Rock Beauty | S14 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Pomacanthusarcuatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Gray Angelfish | S14 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Pomacanthusparu (Bloch, 1787) | French Angelfish | S14 | 2,4,5 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Pomacentridae | |||||||
| Abudefdufsaxatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sergeant Major | S14 | 2,4,6 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Abudefduftaurus (Müller & Troschel, 1848) | Night Sergeant | S14 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Azurinacyanea (Poey, 1860) | Blue Chromis | S14 | 2,4,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Azurinamultilineata (Guichenot, 1853) | Brown Chromis | S14 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Chromisinsolata (Cuvier, 1830) | Sunshinefish | S14 | 2,5,8 | 1 | O20 | ||
| Microspathodonchrysurus (Cuvier, 1830) | Yellowtail Damselfish | S14 | 2,4,5 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Stegastesadustus (Troschel, 1865) | Dusky Damselfish | S14 | 2,4,6 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Stegastesdiencaeus (Jordan & Rutter, 1897) | Longfin Damselfish | S14 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Stegastesleucostictus (Müller & Troschel, 1848) | Beaugregory | S14 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Stegastespartitus (Poey, 1868) | Bicolor Damselfish | S14 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Stegastesplanifrons (Cuvier, 1830) | Threespot Damselfish | S14 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Stegastesxanthurus (Poey, 1860) | Cocoa Damselfish | S14 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Priacanthidae | |||||||
| Heteropriacanthuscruentatus (Lacepède, 1801) | Glasseye Snapper | S15 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Priacanthusarenatus Cuvier, 1829 | Bigeye | S15 | 2 | 1 | SJ24 | ||
| Pristigenysalta (Gill, 1862) | Short Bigeye | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Rachycentridae | |||||||
| Rachycentroncanadum (Linnaeus, 1766) | Cobia | S15 | ST3 | ||||
| Rhincodontidae | |||||||
| Rhincodontypus Smith, 1828 | Whale Shark | S15 | |||||
| Rivulidae | |||||||
| Kryptolebiasmarmoratus (Poey, 1880) | Mangrove Rivulus | 6 | 1 | ||||
| Sciaenidae | |||||||
| Corvulabatabana (Poey, 1860) | Blue Croaker | 2,11 | 1 | ||||
| Equeslanceolatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Jackknife-fish | S15 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ30 | ||
| Equespunctatus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | Spotted Drum | S15 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Odontosciondentex (Cuvier, 1830) | Reef Croaker | S15 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Parequesacuminatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | High-hat | S15 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Umbrinacoroides Cuvier, 1830 | Sand Drum | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Scomberesocidae | |||||||
| Scomberesoxsaurus (Walbaum, 1792) | Atlantic Saury | KU | |||||
| Scombridae | |||||||
| Acanthocybiumsolandri (Cuvier, 1832) | Wahoo | S15 | 2 | ||||
| Euthynnusalletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810) | Little Tunny | S15 | 2 | 1 | YES | ||
| Katsuwonuspelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) | Skipjack Tuna | S15 | 2 | ||||
| Scomberomorusbrasiliensis Collette, Russo & Zavala-Camin, 1978 | Serra | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Scomberomoruscavalla (Cuvier, 1829) | King Mackerel | S15 | 2 | SJ4, ST6 | |||
| Scomberomorusregalis (Bloch, 1793) | Cero | S15 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Thunnusalbacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) | Yellowfin Tuna | S15 | 2 | ||||
| Thunnusatlanticus (Lesson, 1831) | Blackfin Tuna | S15 | 2 | 1 | |||
| Scorpaenidae | |||||||
| Pontinuscastor Poey, 1860 | Longsnout Scorpionfish | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Pteroisvolitans (Linnaeus, 1758) | Red Lionfish | S15 | 1 | YES | |||
| Scorpaenaalbifimbria Evermann & Marsh, 1900 | Coral Scorpionfish | S15 | 2,11 | 1 | O8 | ||
| Scorpaenabergii Evermann & Marsh, 1900 | Goosehead Scorpionfish | FlMNH | |||||
| Scorpaenabrasiliensis Cuvier, 1829 | Barbfish | 2,11 | 1 | ||||
| Scorpaenacalcarata Goode & Bean, 1882 | Smoothhead Scorpionfish | 2,11 | 1 | ||||
| Scorpaenagrandicornis Cuvier, 1829 | Plumed Scorpionfish | 2,6 | 1 | ||||
| Scorpaenainermis Cuvier, 1829 | Mushroom Scorpionfish | S15 | 2 | 1 | SJ5 | ||
| Scorpaenaplumieri Bloch, 1789 | Spotted Scorpionfish | S15 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Scorpaenodescaribbaeus Meek & Hildebrand, 1928 | Reef Scorpionfish | S15 | 2 | 1 | SJ34, SJ23, SJ13 | 1 | |
| Serranidae | |||||||
| Alphestesafer (Bloch, 1793) | Mutton Hamlet | S16 | 2 | 1 | SJ23 | 1 | |
| Bullisichthyscaribbaeus Rivas, 1971 | Pugnose Bass | 5,8 | |||||
| Cephalopholiscruentata (Lacepède, 1802) | Graysby | S16 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Cephalopholisfulva (Linnaeus, 1758) | Coney | S16 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Diplectrumbivittatum (Valenciennes, 1828) | Dwarf Sand Perch | S16 | 2 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Diplectrumformosum (Linnaeus, 1766) | Sand Perch | 4 | 1 | ||||
| Epinephelusadscensionis (Osbeck, 1765) | Rock Hind | S16 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ22, SJ15 | 1 | |
| Epinephelusguttatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Red Hind | S16 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Epinephelusitajara (Lichtenstein, 1822) | Atlantic Goliath Grouper | S16 | 2 | ||||
| Epinephelusmorio (Valenciennes, 1828) | Red Grouper | S16 | 2 | 1 | |||
| Epinephelusstriatus (Bloch, 1792) | Nassau Grouper | S16 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Hypoplectrusaberrans Poey, 1868 | Yellowbelly Hamlet | S16 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Hypoplectruschlorurus (Cuvier, 1828) | Yellowtail Hamlet | S16 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | |||
| Hypoplectrusguttavarius (Poey, 1852) | Shy Hamlet | S16 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ19, ST6 | ||
| Hypoplectrusindigo (Poey, 1851) | Indigo Hamlet | S16 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Hypoplectrusnigricans (Poey, 1852) | Black Hamlet | S16 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Hypoplectruspuella (Cuvier, 1828) | Barred Hamlet | S16 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Hypoplectrusunicolor (Walbaum, 1792) | Butter Hamlet | S16 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Hyporthodusmystacinus (Poey, 1852) | Misty Grouper | 2,8 | |||||
| Liopropomamowbrayi Woods & Kanazawa, 1951 | Cave Basslet | 2,5 | |||||
| Liopropomarubre Poey, 1861 | Peppermint Basslet | S16 | 2,4 | 1 | ST1, SJ9, SJ13 | 1 | |
| Mycteropercaacutirostris (Valenciennes, 1828) | Western Comb Grouper | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Mycteropercabonaci (Poey, 1860) | Black Grouper | S17 | 2 | 1 | SJ33, O9, O10 | ||
| Mycteropercainterstitialis (Poey, 1860) | Yellowmouth Grouper | S17 | 2,4,5 | 1 | SJ7 | YES | |
| Mycteropercatigris (Valenciennes, 1833) | Tiger Grouper | S17 | 2,5,8 | 1 | O11, O12, O13 | 1 | |
| Mycteropercavenenosa (Linnaeus, 1758) | Yellowfin Grouper | S17 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Paranthiasfurcifer (Valenciennes, 1828) | Atlantic Creolefish | S17 | 2,5,8 | 1 | SJ33 | ||
| Pronotogrammusmartinicensis (Guichenot, 1868) | Roughtongue Bass | 5 | |||||
| Rypticusbistrispinus (Mitchill, 1818) | Freckled Soapfish | S17 | O14 | ||||
| Rypticuscarpenteri Baldwin & Weigt, 2012 | Slope Soapfish | S17 | |||||
| Rypticussaponaceus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | Greater Soapfish | S17 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Rypticussubbifrenatus Gill, 1861 | Spotted Soapfish | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Schultzeabeta (Hildebrand, 1940) | School Bass | S17 | 2 | 1 | O19 | YES | |
| Serraniculuspumilio Ginsburg, 1952 | Pygmy Sea Bass | S17 | 11 | 1 | SJ19 | YES | |
| Serranusannularis (Günther, 1880) | Orangeback Bass | S17 | 2,11 | 1 | O17 | ||
| Serranusbaldwini (Evermann & Marsh, 1899) | Lantern Bass | S17 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ32, SJ12, SJ22 | YES | |
| Serranusluciopercanus Poey, 1852 | Crosshatch Bass | 2,5,8 | |||||
| Serranusphoebe Poey, 1851 | Tattler | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Serranustabacarius (Cuvier, 1829) | Tobaccofish | S17 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Serranustigrinus (Bloch, 1790) | Harlequin Bass | S17 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Serranustortugarum Longley, 1935 | Chalk Bass | S17 | 2,4,5 | 1 | YES | ||
| Sparidae | |||||||
| Archosargusrhomboidalis (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea Bream | S17 | 2,8 | 1 | SJ13, SJ3 | ||
| Calamusbajonado (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | Jolthead Porgy | S17 | 2 | 1 | |||
| Calamuscalamus (Valenciennes, 1830) | Saucereye Porgy | S17 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Calamuspenna (Valenciennes, 1830) | Sheepshead Porgy | S17 | 2,4 | 1 | |||
| Calamuspennatula Guichenot, 1868 | Pluma Porgy | S17 | 2,4 | 1 | YES | ||
| Calamusproridens Jordan & Gilbert, 1884 | Littlehead Porgy | CMN | |||||
| Diploduscaudimacula (Poey, 1860) | Silver Porgy | S17 | 2,4,11 | 1 | ST6 | ||
| Sphyraenidae | |||||||
| Sphyraenabarracuda (Edwards, 1771) | Great Barracuda | S17 | 2,4,5,6,8 | 1 | YES | ||
| Sphyraenaborealis DeKay, 1842 | Sennet | S17 | 2 | 1 | SJ13, SJ12, SJ21 | ||
| Sphyrnidae | |||||||
| Sphyrnalewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) | Scalloped Hammerhead | 10 | 1 | ||||
| Sphyrnamokarran (Rüppell, 1837) | Great Hammerhead | 10 | |||||
| Spratelloididae | |||||||
| Jenkinsialamprotaenia (Gosse, 1851) | Dwarf Herring | 2,6 | 1 | 1 | YES | ||
| Jenkinsiaparvula Cervigón & Velazquez, 1978 | Shortstriped Round Herring | 2 | |||||
| Jenkinsiastolifera (Jordan & Gilbert, 1884) | Shortband Herring | 2 | |||||
| Squalidae | |||||||
| Squaluscubensis Howell Rivero, 1936 | Cuban Dogfish | FlMNH | |||||
| Sternoptychidae | |||||||
| Sonodapaucilampa Grey, 1960 | Deepsea Hatchetfish | NMNH | |||||
| Stomiidae | |||||||
| Astronesthessimilus Parr, 1927 | Similar Snaggletooth | NMNH | |||||
| Syngnathidae | |||||||
| Amphelikturusdendriticus (Barbour, 1905) | Pipehorse | S18 | SJ12 | ||||
| Bryxdunckeri (Metzelaar, 1919) | Pugnose Pipefish | S18 | 2 | 1 | SJ13 | 1 | YES |
| Cosmocampusbrachycephalus (Poey, 1868) | Crested Pipefish | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Cosmocampuselucens (Poey, 1868) | Shortfin Pipefish | S18 | 2,4 | 1 | SJ19 | ||
| Cosmocampusprofundus (Herald, 1965) | Deepwater Pipefish | 2 | |||||
| Halicampuscrinitus (Jenyns, 1842) | Banded Pipefish | S18 | SJ34, SJ13, SJ22 | ||||
| Hippocampuserectus Perry, 1810 | Lined Seahorse | 11 | 1 | YES | |||
| Hippocampusreidi Ginsburg, 1933 | Longsnout Seahorse | S18 | 4 | 1 | SJ19 | YES | |
| Microphislineatus (Kaup, 1856) | Opposum Pipefish | S18 | O23 | ||||
| Pseudophallusmindii (Meek & Hildebrand, 1923) | Freshwater Pipefish | 11 | |||||
| Syngnathuscaribbaeus Dawson, 1979 | Caribbean Pipefish | S18 | 2 | SJ21 | |||
| Syngnathusdawsoni (Herald, 1969) | Antillean Pipefish | 2,4,11 | 1 | ||||
| Syngnathuspelagicus Linnaeus, 1758 | Sargassum Pipefish | ROM | |||||
| Synodontidae | |||||||
| Sauridabrasiliensis Norman, 1935 | Largescale Lizardfish | 2 | |||||
| Sauridasuspicio Breder, 1927 | Doubtful Lizardfish | S18 | 2 | 1 | SJ5, SJ13 | YES | |
| Synodusfoetens (Linnaeus, 1766) | Inshore Lizardfish | S18 | 2 | 1 | SJ5, SJ13 | 1 | YES |
| Synodusintermedius (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) | Sand Diver | S18 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Synoduspoeyi Jordan, 1887 | Offshore Lizardfish | 2 | |||||
| Synodussynodus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Red Lizardfish | S18 | 2 | 1 | SJ11, SJ21 | 1 | |
| Trachinocephalusmyops (Forster, 1801) | Snakefish | CAS | |||||
| Tetraodontidae | |||||||
| Canthigasterrostrata (Bloch, 1786) | Sharpnose Puffer | S18 | 2,4,5,8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Sphoeroidesspengleri (Bloch, 1785) | Bandtail Puffer | S18 | 2,4 | 1 | 1 | YES | |
| Sphoeroidestestudineus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Checkered Puffer | S18 | 2,4,6 | 1 | O15 | 1 | |
| Triakidae | |||||||
| Musteluscanis (Mitchill, 1815) | Smooth Dogfish | FlMNH | |||||
| Triglidae | |||||||
| Peristedionlongispatha Goode & Bean, 1886 | Widehead Armored Searobin | CAS | |||||
| Tripterygiidae | |||||||
| Enneanectesaltivelis Rosenblatt, 1960 | Lofty Triplefin | S18 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Enneanectesatrorus Rosenblatt, 1960 | Blackedge Triplefin | 2,11 | 1 | ||||
| Enneanectesboehlkei Rosenblatt, 1960 | Roughhead Triplefin | S18 | 2 | 1 | -1 | YES | |
| Enneanectesjordani (Evermann & Marsh, 1899) | Mimic Triplefin | S18 | 2 | 1 | SJ21 | ||
| Enneanectesmatador Victor, 2013 | Matador Triplefin | S18 | 1 | YES | |||
| Xiphiidae | |||||||
| Xiphiasgladius Linnaeus, 1758 | Swordfish | S18 | |||||
Notes: Image voucher – supplementary plate number is given; photographer name is imbedded in each image. Literature source – 1 DeAngelis et al. (2008); 2 Dennis (2000); 3 Dennis et al. (2004); 4 Friedlander et al. (2013); 5 Garcia-Sais (2005); 6 Loftus (2003); 7 Mantatrust.org pers. comm. to DRR; 8 Nelson and Appledorn (1985); 9 Quatrinni et al. (2017); 10 Recksiek et al. (2006), 11 Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2014); 12 Rogers et al. (2010). Online source – 1 indicates that an aggregator source exists, with the source named whenever it represents the sole voucher: AMNH (American Museum of Natural History); NOAA (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration); BOLD (Barcode of Life); FlMNH (Florida Museum of Natural History); MCZ (Museum of Comparative Zoology); NMNH (National Museum of Natural History); ANSP (Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia); CAS (California Academy of Sciences); ROM (Royal Ontario Museum); KUBI (University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute); CMN (Canadian Museum of Nature). Uncommon – species seen at 3 or less named sites by CJE and AME (see Suppl material 3: File S2a, b (for site codes) and Suppl. material 4: File S3). Ichthyocide – species collected by this method as noted in Dennis (2000); parentheses indicate ichthyocide was the only collection method noted by Dennis (2000). Gobiidae – we follow Thacker (2009) in including Cerdale and Ptereleotris among the Gobiidae. Hypoplectrus – we follow Puebla et al. (2022) in treating H.maculiferus as a synonym of H.aberrans.
Dennis (2000) listed 401 species from 216 genera and 79 families from those two islands (Table 2). We found records of an additional 159 species, producing an increase of 39.7% in the number of species, 37.0% in the number of genera and 36.7% in the number of families known from there (Table 3). The additions include 34 species for which the only source is a voucher image, 50 species recorded in post-2000 publications, and 49 species recorded only by online sources of museum (and other) data (Table 3). Of the 561 in Table 2, 24.6% were uncommon. Although 30.1% were collected using rotenone, species accounts by Dennis (2000) mentioned no other collecting method for only 10.4% of that subgroup of species. The 561 include three non-natives to the area (Oreochromisniloticus, Poeciliareticulata and Pteroisvolitans), 11 freshwater/estuarine species (Anguillarostratus, Dormitatormaculatus, Eleotrisperniger, Gobiomorusdormitor, Awaousbanana, Sicydiumplumieri, Sicydiumpunctatum, Dajausmonticola, Microphislineatus and Pseudophallusmindii and 547 marine species native to the GC.
Table 3.
Fishes from St. John-Thomas recorded by different sources.
| Types of fish taxa recorded | Species | Genera | Families |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total from all sources | 561 | 296 | 108 |
| From Literature sources All | 451 | 251 | 89 |
| Dennis 2000 All | 401 | 216 | 79 |
| Sole source is Dennis 2000 | 164 | 126 | 55 |
| Sources other than Dennis 2000 | 50 | 44 | 25 |
| From Online sources All | 453 | 253 | 97 |
| Online sources only | 50 | 46 | 42 |
| From Images All | 371 | 20 | 73 |
| Images only | 34 | 29 | 20 |
| Deep species All sources | 49 | 44 | 33 |
| Recorded by Dennis 2000 | 19 | 18 | 13 |
| Uncommon shallow species | 138 | 104 | 45 |
| Ichthyocide Collection All | 173 | 99 | 45 |
| Ichthyocide only | 18 | 15 | 11 |
| mtDNA BARCODES | Species | Genera | Families |
| St. John-Thomas | 156 | 93 | 41 |
| Sole record is from barcode data | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Puerto Rico | 90 | 50 | 25 |
| St. John-Thomas but not Puerto Rico | 113 | 61 | 24 |
| Puerto Rico but not St. John-Thomas | 47 | 18 | 8 |
| St. Croix | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| British Virgin Islands | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| All sites combined | 207 | 112 | 49 |
Notes: Data sources (literature, online sources, images) are listed in Table 2. Deep species are those exclusively or typically found below 40 m depth. Uncommon shallow species are those found at 1–3 sites by CJE, AME, LR, and third-party photographers as indicated in Table 2. Ichthyocide collection: recorded as being collected with rotenone by a source cited by Dennis (2000). Ichthyocide only: the only collection method listed for a species from St. John-Thomas by Dennis (2000). DNA barcodes: (see Suppl. material 7: File S6). The single DNA Barcoded species collected at St. Croix (see Suppl. material 7: File S6) is not known from St. John-Thomas. The St. John-Thomas species count includes four identified only to genus. DNA barcode data for Pteroisvolitans are not included in this table.
Comparative taxonomic composition of the USVI fish faunas (Table 4, Suppl. material 5: File S4)
Table 4.
Taxonomic comparisons of St. John-Thomas and St. Croix marine fish faunas.
| Site | Species | Genera | Families |
|---|---|---|---|
| Both US Virgin Islands | |||
| Entire fauna (n) | 679 | 345 | 122 |
| Shallow fishes (n) | 590 | 279 | 90 |
| Deep fishes (n) | 89 | 77 | 54 |
| St. John-Thomas | |||
| Entire Fauna (n) | 547 | 283 | 105 |
| Percent of USVI fauna | 80.6 | 82.0 | 86.0 |
| Percent only at St. John-Thomas | 19.3 | 15.5 | 10.5 |
| Shallow fishes (n) | 497 | 245 | 86 |
| Percent of USVI shallow fauna | 84.2 | 86.6 | 94.5 |
| Percent only at St. John-Thomas | 13.0 | 7.4 | 1.9 |
| Deep fishes (n) | 50 | 44 | 34 |
| Percent of USVI deep fauna | 56.2 | 57.1 | 63.0 |
| Percent only at St. John-Thomas | 70.0 | 50.0 | 26.5 |
| St. Croix | |||
| Entire fauna (n) | 573 | 301 | 112 |
| Percent of USVI fauna | 84.5 | 87.2 | 91.8 |
| Percent only at St. Croix | 23.4 | 20.4 | 15.5 |
| Shallow fishes (n) | 519 | 256 | 88 |
| Percent of USVI fauna | 88.0 | 91.8 | 97.8 |
| Percent only at St. Croix | 18.3 | 13.1 | 2.7 |
| Deep fishes (n) | 54 | 50 | 39 |
| Percent of USVI deep fauna | 61.4 | 64.9 | 62.2 |
| Percent only St. Croix | 72.2 | 60.0 | 41.0 |
Notes: USVI fauna = combined fauna of St. John-Thomas and St. Croix, with exotic and primarily freshwater species excluded. Some genera and families have a deep member in one site but not the other, which affects USVI totals for deep and shallow genera and families. Shallow fishes: species exclusively or commonly found shallower than 40 m. Deep fishes: species exclusively or largely found deeper than 40 m (see methods for further details).
The species richness of the USVI marine fauna (i.e., the combined St. John-Thomas plus St. Croix faunas) was 15–20% greater than that of either of the two insular faunas (Table 4). Those two faunas had slightly higher relative rates of richness of genera and families than of species. The larger size of the USVI fauna of species derives from ~ 1/5 of species in each insular fauna not being present in the other, with lower proportions of genera and families also being recorded only at one of the two islands. Relative faunal richness at all three taxonomic levels and the relative abundance of taxa present at only one island were ~ 5% higher at St. Croix than St. John-Thomas. In both island faunas the relative representation of species, genera, and families in the entire USVI fauna was substantially greater among shallow species than deep species. The deep fauna was much smaller than the shallow fauna at each island and there was much less overlap in occurrence of species, genera, and families between the two insular deep faunas than between their shallow faunas (Table 4).
Ecotypic structure of the USVI reef-fish faunas vs. the region (Table 5, Suppl. material 6: File S5)
Table 5.
Abundance of ecotypes of reef-associated bony fishes in the Greater Caribbean and the USVI.
| Region | St. John-Thomas | St. Croix | |
| All species (n) | 992 | 470 | 493 |
| Pelagic species % of fauna | 8.0 | 10.4 | 10.3 |
| Non-pelagic species % of fauna | 92.0 | 89.6 | 89.7 |
| Demersal species % | 34.6 | 46.3 | 45.0 |
| Benthic species % | 65.4 | 53.7 | 55.0 |
| Cryptobenthic species % | 64.6 | 53.0 | 54.3 |
| Small cryptobenthic species % | 42.6 | 31.6 | 32.5 |
| CCRF species % | 45.9 | 36.3 | 35.7 |
| SHALLOW NON-PELAGIC SPECIES (n) | 772 | 400 | 424 |
| Percent of fauna | 84.6 | 95.0 | 95.9 |
| Demersal species % | 34.9 | 45.3 | 44.0 |
| Benthic species % | 65.1 | 54.7 | 56.0 |
| Cryptobenthic species % | 64.0 | 54.3 | 55.2 |
| Small cryptobenthic species % | 42.5 | 33.3 | 34.0 |
| CCRF species % | 46.0 | 37.5 | 37.3 |
| DEEP NON-PELAGIC SPECIES (n) | 141 | 21 | 18 |
| Percent of fauna | 15.4 | 5.0 | 4.2 |
| Demersal species % | 33.3 | 66.7 | 66.7 |
| Benthic species % | 66.7 | 33.3 | 33.3 |
| Cryptobenthic species % | 66.7 | 33.3 | 33.3 |
| Small cryptobenthic species % | 43.3 | 4.8 | 0 |
| CCRF species % | 45.4 | 19.0 | 0 |
Notes: Data for the region pattern are from Robertson and Tornabene (2021), for St. Croix are from Robertson et al. (2022), and for St. John-Thomas are in File S5. Bold percentages indicate whether the value(s) for either the region or the USVI islands were > 5% higher than the value(s) for the other group in each case.
We compared the ecotypic structure of the St. John-Thomas and St. Croix faunas of reef-associated fishes with that of the GC fauna (see Robertson and Tornabene 2021). Both St. Croix and St. John-Thomas have faunas that are almost half the size of the total regional fauna, with the listed St. John-Thomas fauna being ~ 5% smaller than that of St. Croix (Table 5). Compared to the GC fauna both islands have slightly higher percentages of pelagic species, distinctly higher percentages of demersal species, and correspondingly lower percentages of benthic, cryptobenthic, small cryptobenthic, and CCRF species. These differences for non-pelagic types apply to each entire USVI fauna, and to both shallow- and deep-reef subgroups of those faunas. Both USVI sites also have markedly lower relative abundances (~ 1/3) of deep-reef species than the regional fauna. The relative abundances of different ecotypes are remarkably similar at both islands, except for the presence of a few deep cryptobenthic and CCRF species detected only at St. John-Thomas.
Zoogeographic structure of the USVI faunas (Table 6)
Table 6.
Zoogeographic composition of the USVI and Sint Eustatius faunas. Percentage of species in each category. Non-native species are not included.
| Site (n) | Northwest Atlantic | Western Atlantic | Trans-Atlantic | Atlantic & Indo-Pacific |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| St. Croix (534) | 41.6 | 33.9 | 13.9 | 10.6 |
| St. John-Thomas (558) | 39.5 | 36.5 | 14.0 | 10.0 |
| Sint Eustatius (406) | 41.1 | 33.3 | 15.3 | 10.3 |
Notes: St. Croix data are from Smith-Vaniz and Jelks 2014. Sint Eustatius values are from Robertson et al. (2020). St. John-Thomas values are from the present study. Northwestern Atlantic = Greater Caribbean, with or without range extensions to the north of that region. Western Atlantic = Northwestern Atlantic + Brazil. Trans-Atlantic = anywhere in the western Atlantic + any of the islands of the central Atlantic and/or the Eastern Atlantic. Atlantic & Indo-Pacific = Anywhere in the Western Atlantic + anywhere in the Indo-Pacific.
The zoogeographic structures of the faunas of the two USVI sites and nearby Sint Eustatius are quite similar (Table 6). Species that are endemic to the Greater Caribbean and, in a few cases, surrounding areas are the largest group in all three faunas, with West Atlantic species also found in Brazil being the second largest by a small margin in each case. The two smallest groups in each case are Trans-Atlantic and Atlantic & Indo-Pacific. The ranks of those four groups are the same in all three faunas, a measure of their strong similarities.
mtDNA-Barcode Coverage (Tables 2, 3; Suppl. material 7: File S6)
Table 2 indicates which members of the St. John-Thomas fauna have mtDNA-barcode sequences on the BOLD database derived from specimens collected at that site. Table 3 presents a summary of taxa that have sequences obtained from St. John-Thomas, Puerto Rico, the British Virgin Islands and St. Croix, singly and in combination. File S6 provides technical information about those barcode data for the various species. We obtained local DNA-barcodes for 156 fish species in 156 BINs from St. John-Thomas, with one additional from St. Croix, and three additional species from around the British Virgin Islands (total 160 species). Of these, two are only from GenBank records harvested by BOLD, and 10 are added from specimens collected in offshore larval plankton tows described in Lamkin et al. (2009). We obtained 91 species records (including one non-native, Pteroisvolitans) for Puerto Rico, 44 of them shared with the Virgin Islands. Of the 91, 27 are added from Harms-Tuohy et al. (2016), 14 from GenBank records harvested by BOLD, and seven from other sources, including the University of Kansas (UKFBJ), Smithsonian (Bermingham/Lessios; BSMUA & BSOPA), the Guy Harvey Research Institute (Hanner et al. 2011; EBFSF), and the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory (GOBY) in Australia.
The available DNA-barcode sequence records from specimens collected at St. John-Thomas represent coverage of 27.8% of the species, 31.4% of the genera and 38% of the families of fishes known from that site. Barcode records represent the sole source of information on the presence of one species known from those islands and are also available for another four species currently identifiable only to genus. Distinctly fewer species have been barcoded from fish taken at Puerto Rico, and there are almost no such data available from either St. Croix or the British Virgin Islands. Barcode records from Puerto Rico and the British Virgin Islands exist for 52 species occurring in St. John-Thomas but not sequenced from there, bringing the total PRP DNA-barcoded species to 36.5% of St. John-Thomas fauna. All but seven of the 200 barcoded species are reef-associated bony fishes. The vast majority (98.5%) of barcoded species are shallow forms. Deep-living species are especially under-represented among the barcoded forms: only three of 51 such species have barcode data (File S6).
Discussion
St. Croix
The species records we have added increased the size of that island’s fauna by 7.5%. Almost a third of the additions arise from voucher photographs of shallow-reef species photographed by CJE and AME (and provided by Mantatrust.org). Those include several not accepted by Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2014) due to inadequate information available at that time. Cryptobenthic fishes, which, by definition, are generally difficult to observe, are a major component of Greater Caribbean reef-fish faunas, including that of St. Croix. Such species comprised all but one of those added by CJE and AME. The exception, Kyphosuscinerascens, may have been misidentified previously, since the taxonomic status and global distributions of members of the genus were only comprehensively reviewed by Knudsen and Clements (2016), after Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2014) published their checklist. Almost half the additions were deep-living species, one third of which were recorded only by submersible or ROV, with the remainder coming from online and literature records.
The process of obtaining location records is an ongoing one for online aggregators, which have vastly increased the amounts of data they host during the last half decade. Although the aggregators offer such information, and are involved in collaborative data sharing, such sharing is sufficiently incomplete that it is necessary to examine records from multiple aggregators to obtain a comprehensive picture of all the data available for any particular site. Even “old” data becomes newly available on the aggregators from time to time and needs to be included in faunal inventories of well-studied sites. The increase in faunal size, although not large in percentage terms, demonstrates the utility of citizen-science efforts to provide photographic vouchers, of reviews of submersible and ROV studies of deep-living fishes, and of periodic evaluations of information available online from aggregators.
St. John-Thomas
Although the 401 species list for this site extracted from Dennis (2000) was substantial (74% the size of Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2014) count for St. Croix), our use of the same methods as those that produced an increase in the St. Croix fauna produced a much larger increase in the St. John-Thomas fauna: 40% vs. 7.5% for St. Croix. Dennis (2000) was the sole source for 29% of species recorded in our expanded list of the St. John-Thomas fauna. Records from additional sources brought the size of the St. John-Thomas fauna to within 5% of the size of the St. Croix fauna. Citizen-scientists’ photographic records accounted for 22% of the new additions and data only available from online databases for 33%, while other literature sources provided the sole records for 32% of the additional species. Multiple types of sources accounted for the remaining 13% of new records.
The size, and taxonomic- and ecotypic structure of the two USVI marine faunas
Both insular marine faunas are over 80% the size of the combined USVI fauna in terms of species richness. Species found at only one of the two islands represent ~ 20% of each fauna. For shallow species the size of each insular fauna is 85–90% that of the combined fauna, with correspondingly lower rates of occurrence at only one island. Two factors may contribute to these differences between the island faunas: variation in ecological conditions between the islands and inadequate sampling. The possibility of differing ecological conditions seems small as both islands have the same range of large-scale habitat types, although those vary in abundance between the islands. The shelf area of St. John-Thomas is close to 10 times the size of the St. Croix shelf, yet the former has the smaller known fauna. At both islands the great majority of sampling has occurred in quite shallow water, often very close to shore in the case of St John-Thomas. Shelf habitats likely are under-sampled at both islands, strongly so at St. John-Thomas, where there are large areas of habitat between 40–60 m depth some distance from the islands on both the northern and southern parts of the PRP. At St. Croix most shallow sampling has occurred in and near the Buck Island Reef National Monument, rather than spread around different parts of the platform and different sides of the island. Hence both insular faunas likely are larger than indicated here, particularly in the case of St. John-Thomas.
Review of the two USVI marine species lists show that species not shared between the two islands are distributed through many genera and families (Suppl. material 5: File S4; Table 4). None are endemic to either USVI island and single-island endemics are rare amongst the Greater Caribbean fauna and limited to highly isolated islands such as Cayman. Most species in that region have geographic ranges much larger than the USVIs. The larger size of the St. Croix fauna, particularly of cryptobenthic species can be attributed to a greater effort to find such species. This was done using rotenone during two intensive sampling campaigns that occurred ~ 40 y after rotenone sampling at St. John-Thomas, plus some subsequent minor efforts in the shallow part of a Buck Island Reef National Monument that, in its entirety constitutes ~ 1/3 of the St. Croix insular platform: 46% (262) of the native marine species known from St. Croix are shallow species collected using rotenone (Smith-Vaniz and Jelks 2014), vs. 31.7% (173) of such species from St. John-Thomas. Later sampling by Pittman et al. (2008) at the same small, shallow St. Croix site as studied by Smith-Vaniz et al. (2006) added 10.9% more species to the tally of the first two series of collections. Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2014) produced a list of 41 species from 22 families that, at that time, were known from St. John-Thomas but not St. Croix. Since then, five of the 35 shallow species on that table have been added to the St. Croix fauna (Table 1 here), together with two others that were listed as unconfirmed by those authors. Photographic sampling of shallow reef fishes at St. John-Thomas by CJE, AME and other citizen scientists, by itself increased the size of the fauna registered by Dennis (2000) by 8.5%. Finally, the species composition of local reef-fish faunas can change substantially through time at intensively sampled sites, for varying reasons (e.g., see changes registered by Starck et al. 2017 over a 50y period), highlighting the utility of temporally dispersed sampling. With further sampling many shallow species currently known from only one of the USVI should be expected to be found at the other, in which case the shallow faunas of each island would be 10–15% larger than the current figures.
The deep-species fauna represents only 13.1% of the entire (shallow plus deep) USVI fauna and deep species exhibit much lower rates of faunal overlap between the two islands than occurs among shallow species. The two islands have experienced low rates of exploration of deep habitats, particularly deep reefs, by submersibles and ROVs, which were limited to observational studies. The few ROV (Quattrini et al. 2017) and submersible dives (Nelson and Appeldoorn 1985; Garcia-Sais 2005) were the sole source of only 11.1% and 28% of records of deep fishes at St. Croix and St. John-Thomas, respectively. The edges of the insular platforms of the two USVIs are < 50 km apart and the suite of deep species involved have ranges much larger than the area occupied by the USVI. Low levels of sampling can account for the small size of both USVI deep faunas, particularly the deep-reef component, and to the low level of overlap between the deep faunas of the two islands.
At both USVI sites the deep-reef species represent only 4.2–5% of the entire local reef-fish fauna, i.e., ~ 1/3 of the percentage for the GC regional fauna (Robertson et al. 2022). In contrast, when intensive submersible collecting and observations have been aimed specifically at assessing the diversity of deep-reef fish faunas, such as has occurred at other Caribbean islands (Curacao, Roatan and Sint Eustatius), the inventory of deep-reef species at individual islands has increased ~ 9 fold, with such species representing 16% of the entire (shallow plus deep) reef-fish fauna at the most intensively sampled island (Robertson et al. 2022), i.e., more than three times the level at each USVI. Similar sampling at both USVI undoubtedly will increase the absolute and relative sizes of their deep-reef faunas. Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2014) concluded that there was no indication at the time of their study that the St. Croix fauna had reached asymptotic size. The additions reported here and patterns of variation in faunal composition between the two islands support that view for St. John-Thomas as well as St. Croix.
Reef-associated bony fishes comprised 84% and 91%, respectively, of the faunas of St. John-Thomas and St. Croix, and the St. John-Thomas reef-fish fauna was 94.3% the size of the equivalent fauna of St. Croix. The ecotypic structure of those two USVI reef-fish faunas was very similar, with both differing from the broad structure of the GC regional fauna by having larger proportions of pelagic and demersal species that are readily visible to observers and correspondingly smaller proportions of cryptic species. Similarities in the zoogeographic structures and sizes of the two USVI faunas support the view that both can be considered to be sampled with a similar level of efficiency, at least in terms of their shallow faunas.
mtDNA-barcode coverage
In terms of the availability of DNA-barcodes for marine fishes, the Greater Caribbean currently is the most well-sampled large marine biogeographic region in the tropics, with ~ 90% of the shore-fishes barcoded and up to 95% of the shallow reef-associated species (Victor et al. 2015). However, several specific locations account for the vast majority of sequences. Those include Florida, Yucatan (Mexico), Belize, Panama, and Curacao; with species lists published for Yucatan by Valdez-Moreno et al. (2010) and lists for additional locations in Weigt et al. (2012). The Puerto Rican Plateau has been only lightly sampled, with information derived mostly from older collections by author BV at St. John-Thomas and Puerto Rico, and from a set of lionfish stomach contents from La Parguera in Puerto Rico sequenced by Harms-Tuohy et al. (2016). The latter identified 39 species from 16 families. A few additional sequences come from open-ocean sampling for larvae around the USVI, by Lamkin et al. (2009). The older collections from St. Thomas and Puerto Rico were collected by BV for recruitment and otolith studies as well as some taxonomic reviews (e.g., the genera Coryphopterus and Emblemariopsis). The recent additions of 19 species from St. John were collected by CJE and AME mainly for DNA confirmation of the species identification of diagnostic underwater photographs that serve as vouchers here, mostly of cryptobenthic fishes. No collections at St. John-Thomas or elsewhere on the PRP that provided DNA barcodes were expressly made for assembling an inventory of fish species- hence the absence of some of the most abundant and widespread shallow reef fishes in the barcode list presented here (e.g., the Bluehead Wrasse, Thalassomabifasciatum).
We cannot directly compare barcode coverage of fishes at St. John-Thomas with that at other intensively barcoded locations noted above because neither the number of barcoded species nor the local species inventory have been comparably evaluated at any of those sites. The results of the present assessment of DNA-barcode coverage for the USVI and the remainder of the PRP highlight the usefulness of the DNA-barcode database for ancillary projects. Accumulating sequences for unrelated purposes, such as taxonomic reviews, stomach-content studies, larval or e-DNA surveys (environmental DNA, where water is sampled for dissolved DNA sequences), augments the general DNA-barcode coverage for specific biogeographic regions and helps confirm species identifications for faunal surveys.
Permits
Collections from St. John in 2021 were made under National Park Service Collecting Permit VIIS-2021-SCI-0006: We especially thank Thomas Kelley (Virgin Islands NP/Virgin Islands Coral Reef NM) for facilitating that work.
Acknowledgements
CJE and AME greatly appreciate the assistance, knowledge, photographic contributions, and camaraderie of various people and organizations in the USVI: Alasdair Dunlap-Smith for logistical support, help with collections and photographic contributions; Miguel Andres Goolishian Hernandez for assistance with diving and photo contributions; the owners and staff of Low Key Watersports’ on St. John and to St. Croix Ultimate Bluewater Adventures on St. Croix; Bogie’s Villa for logistical support at St. John. Thanks to Caroline Rogers, Chris Rapchick, Serenity Mitchell, Spencer Riley, Max Koestenblatt, Cristina Kessler,Jenny Keith, Nicole Krampitz, Sara Richter and Jamie Irving (see File S2C) for contributing voucher images, to Rafe Boulon for information about USVI fishes and to Guy Stevens and Nicole Pelletier of Mantatrust.org for providing photographic documentation of mobulid rays at the USVI. We also appreciate the cooperation of J. Lamkin, as well as T. Girard, E. Malka, A. Shiroza, L. Vasquez-Yeomans, and G. Zapfe for providing information on larvae from the NOAA SEFSC NMFS Miami Larval Fish collection (funded by NOAA’s Coral Reef Conservation Program, NOAA NMFS SEFSC, and University of Miami’s Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies). Thanks also to Andrew Bentley (Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas), Amy Driskell (LAB, National Museum of Natural History), Chelsea Harms-Tuohy (Isla Mar Research Expeditions, Rincon, PR) and Eric Post (FFWCC, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, FL) for access to barcodes and information and discussion for assigning them to species.
Citation
Robertson DR, Estapé CJ, Estapé AM, Richter L, Peña E, Victor B (2022) An updated, illustrated inventory of the marine fishes of the US Virgin Islands. ZooKeys 1103: 79–122. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1103.83795
Supplementary materials
Plates S1–S18
This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.
D. Ross Robertson, Carlos J. Estapé, Allison M. Estapé, Lee Richter, Ernesto Peña, Benjamin Victor
Data type
images (jpg. images in ZIP arhiv)
Explanation note
Fishes of St. Croix (Plate S1), fishes of St. John-Thomas (Plates S2–S18).
File S1
This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.
D. Ross Robertson, Carlos J. Estapé, Allison M. Estapé, Lee Richter, Ernesto Peña, Benjamin Victor
Data type
image (jpg file)
Explanation note
Bathymetry of the US Virgin Islands.
File S2
This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.
D. Ross Robertson, Carlos J. Estapé, Allison M. Estapé, Lee Richter, Ernesto Peña, Benjamin Victor
Data type
GPS data (excel file)
Explanation note
File S2A: Georeferencing coordinates and site codes for dive sites of authors Carlos and Allison Estapé at St John, St Thomas and St. Croix during 2021. File S2B: Georeferencing coordinates and site codes for dive sites used by non-author photographers at St John-Thomas. File S2C: Names and emails of third party Citizen Scientists who provided voucher images of various St John-Thomas fishes.
File S3
This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.
D. Ross Robertson, Carlos J. Estapé, Allison M. Estapé, Lee Richter, Ernesto Peña, Benjamin Victor
Data type
GPS data (kmz. file)
Explanation note
KMZ file of USVI dive sites.
File S4
This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.
D. Ross Robertson, Carlos J. Estapé, Allison M. Estapé, Lee Richter, Ernesto Peña, Benjamin Victor
Data type
occurrences (excel file)
Explanation note
File S4. Native marine fish faunas of St. John-Thomas and St. Croix.
File S5
This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.
D. Ross Robertson, Carlos J. Estapé, Allison M. Estapé, Lee Richter, Ernesto Peña, Benjamin Victor
Data type
occurenses (excel file)
Explanation note
Ecological Characteristics of Reef-Associated Bony Fishes from St John-Thomas. See Methods of paper for details.
File S6
This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.
D. Ross Robertson, Carlos J. Estapé, Allison M. Estapé, Lee Richter, Ernesto Peña, Benjamin Victor
Data type
genomic (excel file)
Explanation note
File S6: mtDNA-Barcode information for fishes from islands on the Puerto Rico Platform (St John-Thomas, Puerto Rico and the British Virgin Islands) and St. Croix. For coding of differently colored highlighting see bottom of table. For explanations of "Reef Associated" and "Deep" see main text.
References
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Associated Data
This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.
Supplementary Materials
Plates S1–S18
This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.
D. Ross Robertson, Carlos J. Estapé, Allison M. Estapé, Lee Richter, Ernesto Peña, Benjamin Victor
Data type
images (jpg. images in ZIP arhiv)
Explanation note
Fishes of St. Croix (Plate S1), fishes of St. John-Thomas (Plates S2–S18).
File S1
This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.
D. Ross Robertson, Carlos J. Estapé, Allison M. Estapé, Lee Richter, Ernesto Peña, Benjamin Victor
Data type
image (jpg file)
Explanation note
Bathymetry of the US Virgin Islands.
File S2
This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.
D. Ross Robertson, Carlos J. Estapé, Allison M. Estapé, Lee Richter, Ernesto Peña, Benjamin Victor
Data type
GPS data (excel file)
Explanation note
File S2A: Georeferencing coordinates and site codes for dive sites of authors Carlos and Allison Estapé at St John, St Thomas and St. Croix during 2021. File S2B: Georeferencing coordinates and site codes for dive sites used by non-author photographers at St John-Thomas. File S2C: Names and emails of third party Citizen Scientists who provided voucher images of various St John-Thomas fishes.
File S3
This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.
D. Ross Robertson, Carlos J. Estapé, Allison M. Estapé, Lee Richter, Ernesto Peña, Benjamin Victor
Data type
GPS data (kmz. file)
Explanation note
KMZ file of USVI dive sites.
File S4
This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.
D. Ross Robertson, Carlos J. Estapé, Allison M. Estapé, Lee Richter, Ernesto Peña, Benjamin Victor
Data type
occurrences (excel file)
Explanation note
File S4. Native marine fish faunas of St. John-Thomas and St. Croix.
File S5
This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.
D. Ross Robertson, Carlos J. Estapé, Allison M. Estapé, Lee Richter, Ernesto Peña, Benjamin Victor
Data type
occurenses (excel file)
Explanation note
Ecological Characteristics of Reef-Associated Bony Fishes from St John-Thomas. See Methods of paper for details.
File S6
This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.
D. Ross Robertson, Carlos J. Estapé, Allison M. Estapé, Lee Richter, Ernesto Peña, Benjamin Victor
Data type
genomic (excel file)
Explanation note
File S6: mtDNA-Barcode information for fishes from islands on the Puerto Rico Platform (St John-Thomas, Puerto Rico and the British Virgin Islands) and St. Croix. For coding of differently colored highlighting see bottom of table. For explanations of "Reef Associated" and "Deep" see main text.