1 |
Lateral leaflets 1 pair |
2
|
– |
Lateral leaflets 2–7 pairs |
21
|
2 |
Lower leaflet surfaces densely pannose, hairs < 0.2 mm long |
3
|
– |
Lower leaflet surfaces sparsely to densely pilose, sericeous, strigose, tomentose or villous, hairs 0.4–2.0 mm long |
10
|
3 |
Leaflet margins crenate |
4
|
– |
Leaflet margins entire or serrate |
6
|
4 |
Stipular sheaths apically acute, outer sheath surfaces densely villous |
P.incana
|
– |
Stipular sheaths apically truncate, outer sheath surfaces glabrous to densely villous |
5
|
5 |
Leaflets obovate; upper leaflet surfaces and rachises tomentose; central Peru |
P.fjeldsaoi
|
– |
Leaflets elliptic; upper leaflet surfaces and rachises villous; southern Peru |
P.pallidistigma
|
6 |
Leaflets 0.7–1.2 cm long; inflorescences 0.7–1.5 cm long |
7
|
– |
Leaflets 1.3–3.2 cm long; inflorescences 2.2–8.0 cm long |
8
|
7 |
Leaflets 1.0–1.2 cm long; upper leaflet surfaces often with dark sheen, glabrous to sparsely villous; central Bolivia |
P.nana
|
– |
Leaflets 0.7–0.8 cm long; upper leaflet surfaces rugose, glabrous, usually covered with a layer of yellowish resinous exudate; south-western Peru, north-western Chile, western Bolivia and north-western Argentina |
P.tarapacana
|
8 |
Stipular sheaths with outer surfaces densely tomentose; 13–15 stamens per flower; fruits with 2–4 wide flattened hard irregular ridges, sparsely tomentose |
P.crista-galli
|
– |
Stipular sheaths with outer surfaces glabrous to densely villous; 15–23 stamens per flower; fruits with 3–4 ridges with a variable number and placement of flattened spines, densely villous |
9
|
9 |
Leaflets 0.5–0.7 cm wide, with 7–15 teeth per side; leaflet apices obtuse to slightly acute; upper leaflet surfaces glabrous; 5–7 flowers per inflorescence; 15–19 stamens per flower; Dpto. Cochabamba (Bolivia) |
P.incanoides
|
– |
Leaflets 0.3–0.6 cm wide, with 5–10 teeth per side, leaflet apices round to emarginate; upper leaflet surfaces glabrous to sparsely villous; 4–5 flowers per inflorescence, 19–23 stamens per flower; Dptos. Potosi, Oruro, Chuquisaca, Tarija (Bolivia) and Jujuy (Argentina) |
P.tomentella
|
10 |
Leaflet margins serrate |
11
|
– |
Leaflet margins entire or crenate |
13
|
11 |
Lower leaflet surfaces sparsely to densely tomentose without underlying short hairs; 7–21 flowers per inflorescence |
P.racemosa
|
– |
Lower leaflet surfaces densely tomentose with a dense underlying layer of very short white hairs; 3–7 flowers per inflorescence |
12
|
12 |
Leaflets 0.7–1.3 cm wide; leaflet apices acute; inflorescences 5.1–7.5(–8.9) cm long; Titicaca basin (Puno, Peru; La Paz, Bolivia) |
P.incarum
|
– |
Leaflets 0.4–0.6 cm wide; leaflet apices obtuse to emarginate; inflorescences 1.8–3.7 cm long; Depts. Cochabamba and north-western Potosi (Bolivia) |
P.subtusalbida
|
13 |
Leaflets 0.9–2.2 cm long; leaflet apices deeply emarginate without projection; Ecuador |
P.reticulata
|
– |
Leaflets 0.9–3.3 cm long; leaflet apices round, obtuse, acute or emarginate with a mid-vein projection; Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile |
14
|
14 |
Leaflet margins entire |
15
|
– |
Leaflet margins crenate |
16
|
15 |
Leaflets 0.9–1.1 × 0.4–0.6 cm; upper leaflet surfaces glabrous to sparsely sericeous; lower leaflet surfaces sparsely to densely sericeous; inflorescences 0.9–1.1 cm long, with 1 flower |
P.rodolfovasquezii
|
– |
Leaflets (1.3–)1.7–2.8 × 0.5–0.7 cm; upper leaflet surfaces sparsely strigose; lower leaflet surfaces densely strigose; inflorescences (1.9–)2.5–4.9(–5.6) cm long, with 3–6 flowers |
P.subsericans
|
16 |
Lower leaflet surfaces densely tomentose with a dense underlying layer of very short, white pannose hairs |
17
|
– |
Lower leaflet surfaces densely pilose, villous or tomentose without pannose hairs |
18
|
17 |
Upper leaflet surfaces smooth to slightly rugose; lower leaflet surface hairs 0.6–0.8 mm long; 7–9 flowers per inflorescence; central Bolivia |
P.besseri
|
– |
Upper leaflet surfaces strongly rugose; lower leaflet surface hairs 0.8–1.0 mm long; 4–5 flowers per inflorescence; south-western Peru and north-western Chile |
P.rugulosa
|
18 |
Upper leaflet surfaces sparsely to densely pilose; 3–5 flowers per inflorescence; 11–17 stamens per flower |
19
|
– |
Upper leaflet surfaces glabrous to sparsely villous; 5–13 flowers per inflorescence; 19–23 stamens per flower |
20
|
19 |
Lower leaflet surfaces densely pilose, hairs 0.5–0.6 mm long |
P.flavipila
|
– |
Lower leaflet surfaces densely villous, hairs 1.0–1.2 mm long |
P.pilosissima
|
20 |
Leaflet apices round to emarginate; upper leaflet surfaces sparsely villous; lower leaflet surfaces densely villous, hairs 0.9–11 mm long; inflorescences 2.0–4.0 cm long, with 5–7 flowers; south-central Peru |
P.acomayensis
|
– |
Leaflet apices acute; upper leaflet surfaces glabrous; lower leaflet surfaces densely tomentose, hairs 0.4–0.8 mm long; inflorescences (4.9–)5.5–7.0(–9.5) cm long, with 11–13 flowers; southern Peru and northern Bolivia |
P.triacontandra
|
21 |
Lateral leaflets 4–7 pairs |
22
|
– |
Lateral leaflets 2–3 pairs |
38
|
22 |
Lower leaflet surfaces glabrous to puberulous; fruits with 2–3(–4) irregular and pronounced, thin wings |
P.neglecta
|
– |
Lower leaflet surfaces sparsely or densely lanate, sericeous, villous or tomentose, hairs 0.3–2.3 mm long; fruits with variable numbers of flattened or long, hard spines |
23
|
23 |
Leaflets 0.3–0.7 cm long; leaflet apices deeply emarginate; inflorescences 3.8–5.3 cm long, with 1–3 flowers |
P.microphylla
|
– |
Leaflets 1.1–5.4 cm long; leaflet apices slightly emarginate to emarginate; inflorescences 2.4–36.0 cm long, with 4–83 flowers |
24
|
24 |
Lower leaflet surfaces sparsely or densely sericeous |
25
|
– |
Lower leaflet surfaces densely lanate, villous or tomentose |
31
|
25 |
Leaflet margin entire or serrate |
26
|
– |
Leaflet margin slightly crenate to crenate |
28
|
26 |
Leaflets (0.8–)1.1–1.5 cm wide; lower leaflet surface hairs 1.3–1.7 mm long |
P.canoi
|
– |
Leaflets 0.4–0.9 cm wide; lower leaflet surface hairs 0.2–0.9 mm long |
27
|
27 |
Leaflets broadly obovate; upper leaflet surfaces glabrous with few hairs on the mid-vein |
P.loxensis
|
– |
Leaflets narrowly elliptic to elliptic; upper leaflet surfaces glabrous to sparsely sericeous |
28
|
28 |
Lateral leaflet 3–4 pairs |
29
|
– |
Lateral leaflet 4–7 pairs |
30
|
29 |
Leaflet margins slightly crenate at the apex; inflorescences 3.9–6.6(–7.8) cm long, with 18–21 flowers; northern Peru |
P.albicans
|
– |
Leaflet margins entire; inflorescences 13.0–17.9(–20.4) cm long, with 23–29 flowers; central Ecuador |
P.humboldtii
|
30 |
Leaflets 1.6–3.0 cm long; leaflet margins entire to slightly serrate; lower leaflet surfaces of mature plants with hairs 0.3–0.5 mm long; north-western Ecuador and southern Colombia |
P.ochreata
|
– |
Leaflets (1.1–)1.4–1.6 cm long, leaflet margins crenate; lower leaflet surfaces of mature plants with hairs 0.3–0.4 mm long; north-eastern Ecuador |
P.pauta
|
31 |
Lower leaflet surfaces densely lanate or villous, the hairs 0.7–1.8 mm long |
32
|
– |
Lower leaflet surfaces densely tomentose, the hairs 0.3–1.5 mm long |
35
|
32 |
Leaflet margin entire to slightly crenate; northern Ecuador |
P.longipilosa
|
– |
Leaflet margins serrate; northern Colombia, Peru |
33
|
33 |
Leaflets 0.4–0.8 cm wide, obovate; leaflet apices slightly emarginate; 7–15 flowers per inflorescence; north-western Colombia |
P.frontinensis
|
– |
Leaflets 0.8–2.0 cm wide, elliptic; leaflet apices acute or obtuse; 16–83 flowers per inflorescence; Peru |
34
|
34 |
Leaflets 1.1–2.0 cm wide; leaflet apices obtuse; lower leaflet surfaces densely villous; inflorescences (15.4–)21.7–28.2(–36.0) cm long, with 47–83 flowers |
P.multijuga
|
– |
Leaflets 0.8–1.0(–1.2) cm wide; leaflet apices acute; lower leaflet surfaces densely lanate; inflorescences (7.6–)9.5–13.3(–17.3) cm long, with 16–35 flowers |
P.serrata
|
35 |
Leaflet apices moderately emarginate; upper leaflet surfaces sparsely tomentose; Bolivia and Argentina |
P.hieronymi
|
– |
Leaflet apices deeply emarginate; upper leaflet surfaces glabrous; Colombia, Ecuador and Peru |
36
|
36 |
Lateral leaflets (1–)2–3(–4) pairs; lower leaflet surface hairs 0.6–1.5 mm long; Ecuador |
P.reticulata
|
– |
Lateral leaflets 3–5 pairs; lower leaflet surface hairs 0.3–0.9 mm long; Colombia and Peru |
37
|
37 |
Leaflets 0.5–0.8 cm wide; lower leaflet surface hairs 0.3–0.6 mm long; inflorescences 2.4–6.7 cm long, with 4–12 flowers; northern Peru |
P.occidentalis
|
– |
Leaflets 0.7–1.1 cm wide; lower leaflet surface hairs 0.7–0.9 mm long; inflorescences (6.0–)7.3–10.5(–12.3) cm long, with 11–19 flowers; north-eastern Colombia |
P.quadrijuga
|
38 |
Lower leaflet surfaces glabrous to sparsely hispid, puberulous, or pannose, the hairs < 0.2 mm long |
39
|
– |
Lower leaflet surfaces sparsely to densely lanate, sericeous, tomentose or villous, the hairs 0.3–2.5 mm long |
42
|
39 |
Leaflets 0.5–0.8 cm wide; leaflet margins crenate, with 5–8 teeth per side; lower leaflet surfaces glabrous to sparsely villous; southern Peru |
P.pallidistigma
|
– |
Leaflets 0.4–1.5 cm wide; leaflet margins serrate with 9–18 teeth per side; lower leaflet surfaces glabrous; Argentina and Bolivia |
40
|
40 |
Leaflet margins with 12–18 teeth per side; leaflet apices acute; 14–27 flowers per inflorescence; Argentina and Bolivia |
P.neglecta
|
– |
Leaflet margins with 9–13 teeth per side; leaflet apices obtuse to emarginate; 5–12 flowers per inflorescence |
41
|
41 |
Leaflets elliptic, lower leaflet surfaces glabrous to sparsely hispid; fruits with 2–3 irregular and pronounced thin wings, glabrous; Argentina |
P.australis
|
– |
Leaflets obovate, lower leaflet surfaces pannose; fruits with 2–4 wide flattened hard irregular ridges, sparsely tomentose; Argentina and Bolivia |
P.crista-galli
|
42 |
Lower leaflet surfaces densely lanate, the hairs 1.3–2.5 mm long |
43
|
– |
Lower leaflet surfaces sparsely to densely sericeous, tomentose or villous, the hairs 0.3–2.0 mm long |
45
|
43 |
Leaflets elliptic; upper leaflet surfaces glabrous to sparsely lanate; lower leaflet surface hairs 1.5–2.5 mm long, yellowish; 13–16 flowers per inflorescence; Ecuador |
P.lanuginosa
|
– |
Leaflets obovate to broadly obovate; upper leaflet surfaces sparsely lanate; lower leaflet surface hairs 1.3–1.5 mm long, whitish; 5–11 flowers per inflorescence; Peru and Bolivia |
44
|
44 |
Leaflets (1.8–)2.2–2.7 × 0.9–1.4 cm; inflorescences (5.0–)6.1–4.9(–12.3) cm long; Bolivia |
P.lanata
|
– |
Leaflets 1.6–2.6 × 0.6–1.1 cm; inflorescences 5.0–8.8 cm long; Peru |
P.sacra
|
45 |
Lower leaflet surfaces densely sericeous, the hairs 0.2–1.7 mm long |
46
|
– |
Lower leaflet surfaces sparsely to densely tomentose or villous, the hairs 0.4–2.0 mm long |
52
|
46 |
Leaflets 0.8–1.3 × 0.2–0.7 cm; inflorescences 1.2–1.6(–3.5) cm long, with 3 flowers; southern Peru and Bolivia |
P.pepei
|
– |
Leaflets 1.2–3.9 × 0.4–1.5 cm; inflorescences 3.3–20.4 cm long, with 5–29 flowers; Venezuela to Bolivia |
47
|
47 |
Leaflets (2.4–)3.4–3.9 × (0.8–)1.1–1.5 cm; lower leaflet surface hairs 1.3–1.7 mm long, yellowish; central Peru to Bolivia |
P.canoi
|
– |
Leaflets 1.2–2.8 × 0.4–1.0 cm; lower leaflet surface hairs 0.2–1.0 mm long, silky, whitish; Venezuela to central Peru |
48
|
48 |
Lateral leaflets 3–5 pairs; lower leaflet surface hairs 0.2–0.6 mm long; Ecuador and north-western Peru |
49
|
– |
Lateral leaflets 2–3 pairs; lower leaflet surface hairs 0.6–1.0 mm long; Venezuela, Colombia, central Peru |
51
|
49 |
Leaflet margins entire; inflorescences 13.0–17.9(–20.4) cm long, with 23–29 flowers |
P.humboldtii
|
– |
Leaflet margins slightly crenate at the apex or serrate; inflorescences 3.5–12.2 cm long, with 9–27 flowers |
50
|
50 |
Leaflets elliptic; leaflet margins slightly crenate at the apex; north-western Peru |
P.albicans
|
– |
Leaflets broadly obovate; leaflet margins serrate; southern Ecuador |
P.loxensis
|
51 |
Leaflets (1.9–)2.4–2.6 × 0.5–0.7 cm; upper leaflet surface sparsely to dense sericeous; inflorescences 7.2–8.1 cm long; central Peru |
P.argentea
|
– |
Leaflets 1.8–2.1 × 0.8–1.0 cm; upper leaflet surfaces glabrous; inflorescences 3.3–4.5 cm long; Venezuela and Colombia |
P.sericea
|
52 |
Leaflet margins serrate |
53
|
– |
Leaflet margins entire to crenate |
55
|
53 |
Lateral leaflets 3–4(5) pairs; lower leaflet surface densely villous; Colombia |
P.frontinensis
|
– |
Lateral leaflets 1–2 pairs; lower leaflet surfaces sparsely to densely tomentose; Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia |
54
|
54 |
Leaflets (2.3–)3.1–3.9 × (0.7–)0.9–1.5 cm, apices round; inflorescences (4.2–)5.0–9.4(–11.7) cm long, with 7–21 flowers; Ecuador and Peru |
P.racemosa
|
– |
Leaflets 0.9–1.6 × 0.4–0.6 cm, apices obtuse to emarginate; inflorescences 1.8–3.7 cm long, with 3–4 flowers; Bolivia |
P.subtusalbida
|
55 |
Leaflet apices acute, round, obtuse or emarginate; lower leaflet surfaces densely tomentose or villous with a dense underlying layer of very short pannose hairs; Peru and Bolivia |
56
|
– |
Leaflet apices moderately to deeply emarginate; lower leaflet surfaces densely tomentose without short pannose hairs; Ecuador to Argentina |
59
|
56 |
Lower leaflet surface hairs 0.9–1.1 mm long; inflorescences 2.0–4.0 cm long; central Peru |
P.acomayensis
|
– |
Lower leaflet surface hairs 0.4–0.9 mm long; inflorescences 3.6–10.0 cm long; southern Peru to Bolivia |
57
|
57 |
Leaflets (2.0–)2.6–3.3 × 0.7–1.1 cm, narrowly elliptic; 11–13 flowers per inflorescence; Dptos. Puno (Peru) and La Paz (Bolivia) |
P.triacontandra
|
– |
Leaflets 1.4–2.4 × 0.6–11 cm, narrowly obovate; 5–11 flowers per inflorescence; La Paz and Cochabamba (Bolivia) |
58
|
58 |
Lateral leaflets 1–2(–3) pairs; stipular sheaths apically truncate; rachises and lower leaflet surfaces densely villous; Dpto. Cochabamba (Bolivia) |
P.besseri
|
– |
Lateral leaflet 2–3 pairs; stipular sheaths apically acute; rachises and lower leaflet surfaces densely tomentose; Dpto. La Paz (Bolivia) |
P.pacensis
|
59 |
Leaflets (0.9–)1.3–1.6 × (0.4–)0.7–1.1 cm, broadly ovate; Ecuador |
P.simpsoniae
|
– |
Leaflets 0.9–2.2 × 0.4–1.1 cm, elliptic to obovate; Colombia to Argentina |
60
|
60 |
Leaflets narrowly obovate; upper leaflet surfaces sparsely tomentose; Bolivia and Argentina |
P.hieronymi
|
– |
Leaflets narrowly elliptic to obovate; upper leaflet surfaces glabrous; Colombia to Peru |
61
|
61 |
Lower leaflet surface hairs 0.3–0.6 mm long; Peru |
62
|
– |
Lower leaflet surface hairs 0.6–1.5 mm long; Colombia and Ecuador |
63
|
62 |
Lateral leaflets 3–5 pairs; leaflets 1.1–1.9 cm wide; inflorescences 2.4–6.7 cm long |
P.occidentalis
|
– |
Lateral leaflets 2–3 pairs; leaflets 1.6–2.1 cm wide; inflorescences 8.6–9.7 cm long |
P.weberbaueri
|
63 |
Lower leaflet surface hairs 0.7–0.9 mm long; inflorescences (6.0–)7.3–10.5(–12.3) cm long, with 11–19 flowers; north-eastern Colombia |
P.quadrijuga
|
– |
Lower leaflet surface hairs 0.6–1.5 cm long; inflorescences (2.3–)4.3–13.8 cm long, with 5–9 flowers; Ecuador |
P.reticulata
|