Retraction Note: Numerical assessment of the influence of helical baffle on the hydrothermal aspects of nanofluid turbulent forced convection inside a heat exchanger

Retraction of: Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-022-06049-2, published online 10 February 2022

Editors have retracted this Article.

After publication, concerns were raised about authorship and description of author contributions. The Editors requested the authors to provide raw original data and explanations regarding the contributions, but found the response provided by the Authors insufficient. The Authors were also not able to provide the data in the format that would allow for the confirmation of its veracity (i.e. including sufficiently detailed meta-data). Additionally, it appears that references 57-63 appear to be unrelated to the research described in this article. The Editors therefore no longer have confidence in the reliability of the data presented in this Article. Shaghayegh Baghaei disagrees with the retraction. The Editors were not able to obtain current contact details for the other Authors.