Table 3.
The implication of the differentially expressed genes by young age ER-positive breast cancer in tumorigenesis and cancer progression.
| Gene ID | Expression Status in Young-Age Breast Cancer | Fold Change | FDR p-Value | Significance from Previous Literature | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPYSL2 | Up-regulated | 4.25 | 0.0099 | DYYSL2 is a regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics in growing axons. DPYSL2 knockout in mesenchymal-like cells inhibits cell migration, invasion, stemness features, tumour growth rate, and metastasis. Interaction between DPYSL2 and Janus kinase 1 induces the expression of vimentin which is a marker for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and involved in cancer progression. | [22] |
| MUCL1 | Up-regulated | 448.69 | 0.0099 | Higher expression of MUCL1 was observed in HER2-amplified breast tumors. MUCL1 plays an essential role for MUCL1 in the proliferation of breast cancer cells, through the FAK/JNK signaling pathway. | [23] |
| SFXN2 | Down-regulated | −4.76 | 0.0247 | Loss of SFXN2 resulted in the accumulation of mitochondrial iron, and increased mitochondrial iron levels in TNBC generated large amounts of ROS that activated the NF-κB and TGF-β signaling pathways, which eventually promoted cell migration. | [24] |
| GSN | Up-regulated | 3.32 | 0.0247 | Higher expression of gelsolin was reported to be associated with axillary lymph node metastasis. | [25] |
| RANBP3L | Down-regulated | 14.28 | 0.0277 | In murine renal cells, loss of Ranbp3L expression resulted in the loss of epithelial characteristics, enhanced migration behavior and colony-forming capacity, and substantially altered gene expression profiles. | [26,27] |
| ESR1 | Down-regulated | −22.62 | 0.0247 | In estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, a low level of ESR1 mRNA expression was a determinant of tamoxifen resistance in both adjuvant treatment and prevention settings. | [28] |
| ACVR2A | Up-regulated | 4.65 | 0.0259 | Over-expression of ACVR2A was associated with larger tumors (T3 and T4) in colorectal cancer clinical samples. This indicates an association between ACVR2A expression and the tumor growth process. | [29] |
| GLYATL1 | Down-regulated | −21.37 | 0.0332 | Down-regulated in several cancers and loss of expression was associated with higher tumor grade and poor prognosis in prostate adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. | [30,31] |
| TSHZ2 | Up-regulated | 8.44 | 0.0332 | Up-regulation of TSHZ2 was found to repress tumor growth and metastasis and induce mammary gland development in mice. | [32] |
| SERPINE2 | Up-regulated | 9.27 | 0.0497 | SerpinE2 overexpression in breast cancer was shown to promote metastatic spread by modulating the extracellular matrix. | [33] |
| WDFY1 | Up-regulated | 2.52 | 0.0497 | WDFY1 positively regulated Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and 4 signalings. TLR signaling regulates breast cancer cell proliferation in TP53 mutated cells. | [34] |
| PCDHGB7 | Up-regulated | 3.63 | 0.0497 | Overexpression of PCDH7 stimulated breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and the formation of bone metastasis in vivo. PCDH7 was found to play role in bone metastasis in breast cancer. | [35] |