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. 2022 Oct 31;109(3):178–185. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321114

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

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Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses flow diagram of the study selection. NVAF, non-valvular atrial fibrillation RQ1, research question 1; RQ3, research question 3.