Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for intervention and usual care cohorts (unmatched and unadjusted)
| Demographic | Usual care cohort (n=115) |
Intervention cohort (n=137) |
P value |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 63.5 (49.5–71.5) | 58.7 (50.8–67.6) | 0.06 |
| Gender, male (%) | 67 (58.3) | 73 (53.3) | 0.43 |
| Admitting specialty (%): | 0.03 | ||
| Medical | 52 (44.8) | 83 (60.6) | |
| Surgery | 60 (52.2) | 54 (39.4) | |
| ICU length of stay, median (IQR) | 4.95 (2.5–9.5) | 10.5 (6.9–17.3) | <0.01 |
| Hospital length of stay, median (IQR) | 18.0 (11.4–35.0) | 30.5 (17.0–49.6) | <0.01 |
| APACHE II Score, median (IQR) | 19 (14.2–25.0) | 20 (15.0–25.3) | 0.28 |
| Advanced respiratory support (%) | 100 (87.0) | 121 (88.3) | 0.81 |
| Complex cardiovascular support requiring multiple vasoactive drugs (%) | 21 (18.3) | 30 (21.9) | 0.54 |
| Renal replacement therapy (%) | 19 (16.5) | 32 (23.4) | 0.21 |
| Two or greater comorbidities (%) | 54 (47.0) | 60 (43.8) | 0.41 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) Score, median (IQR) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) | 0.53 |
| Pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis (%) | 28 (24.3) | 39 (28.5) | 0.60 |
| History of harmful alcohol or drug use (%) | 15 (13.0) | 25 (18.2) | 0.33 |
| Premorbid history of chronic pain (%) | 15 (13.0) | 18 (13.1) | 0.91 |
| Deprivation index, SIMD 2016 (%): | 0.31 | ||
| Quintile 1 (most deprived) | 34 (29.6) | 50 (36.5) | |
| Quintile 2 | 27 (23.5) | 36 (26.3) | |
| Quintile 3 | 12 (10.4) | 20 (14.6) | |
| Quintile 4 | 18 (15.7) | 14 (10.2) | |
| Quintile 5 (least deprived) | 21 (18.3) | 17 (12.4) | |
| Time to follow-up, median months (IQR) | 15.2 (13.2–16.5) | 15.9 (14.8–17.3) | <0.01 |
Time to follow-up, months, from hospital discharge. For missing data, see online supplemental material S7.
ICU, intensive care unit; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SIMD, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation.