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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 31.
Published in final edited form as: Shock. 2021 Aug 1;56(2):245–254. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000001713

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

The lactate area under the curve (AUC) above the upper normal limit of lactate (2.0 mmol/L) was calculated using the trapezoidal method based on five possible scenarios depicted in (A–E).