. 2023 Jan 21;9(2):e13167. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13167

Table 3.

Statistical comparison of time series, AI models, and their hybrid models on the same dataset [68].

Location	Model	R²	MBE (Wh/m²)	RMSE (Wh/m²)	MPE (%)	nMBE	nRMSE
Bouzaréah	ANN	0.802	−82.459	1334	24.062	−0.0192	0.31
	ARMA	0.716	−60.514	1553	28.611	−0.0141	0.361
	Hybrid	0.820	−48.591	1286	23.408	−0.0113	0.298
Ghardaia	ANN	0.907	−29.364	726.65	4.150	−0.0051	0.126
	ARMA	0.882	−7.493	813.32	5.626	−0.0013	0.141
	Hybrid	0.914	−31.458	701.18	4.092	−0.0054	0.119