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. 2023 Feb 6:1–44. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s11427-022-2214-2

Enabling technology and core theory of synthetic biology

Xian-En Zhang 1,3,✉, Chenli Liu 1,2,✉, Junbiao Dai 1,2,✉, Yingjin Yuan 4,✉, Caixia Gao 5,✉, Yan Feng 6,✉, Bian Wu 7,✉, Ping Wei 1,2,✉, Chun You 8,✉, Xiaowo Wang 9,✉, Tong Si 1,2,✉
PMCID: PMC9907219  PMID: 36753021

Abstract

Synthetic biology provides a new paradigm for life science research (“build to learn”) and opens the future journey of biotechnology (“build to use”). Here, we discuss advances of various principles and technologies in the mainstream of the enabling technology of synthetic biology, including synthesis and assembly of a genome, DNA storage, gene editing, molecular evolution and de novo design of function proteins, cell and gene circuit engineering, cell-free synthetic biology, artificial intelligence (AI)-aided synthetic biology, as well as biofoundries. We also introduce the concept of quantitative synthetic biology, which is guiding synthetic biology towards increased accuracy and predictability or the real rational design. We conclude that synthetic biology will establish its disciplinary system with the iterative development of enabling technologies and the maturity of the core theory.

Keywords: synthetic biology, quantitative synthetic biology, genome synthesis and assembly, DNA storage, molecular evolution, de novo design, computer-aided design, cell engineering, gene circuit, chassis cell, artificial intelligent (AI), biofoundry

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB29050100, XDB29050500, XDA24020102) to X.E. Zhang, C. Liu and C. Gao, respectively; the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31725002, 31861143017, 32022044, 62050152 and 32071428) to J. Dai, Y. Yuan, C. You, and X. Wang, respectively; the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFA0907700, 2018YFA0901600, 2019YFA09004500) to Y. Feng and P. Wei. We thank Ms Min Li of the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences for her assistance in preparation of the manuscript.

Compliance and ethics The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Contributor Information

Xian-En Zhang, Email: zhangxe@ibp.ac.cn.

Chenli Liu, Email: chenli.liu@siat.ac.cn.

Junbiao Dai, Email: junbiao.dai@siat.ac.cn.

Yingjin Yuan, Email: yjyuan@tju.edu.cn.

Caixia Gao, Email: cxgao@genetics.ac.cn.

Yan Feng, Email: yfeng2009@sjtu.edu.cn.

Bian Wu, Email: wub@im.ac.cn.

Ping Wei, Email: ping.wei@siat.ac.cn.

Chun You, Email: you_c@tib.cas.cn.

Xiaowo Wang, Email: xwwang@tsinghua.edu.cn.

Tong Si, Email: tong.si@siat.ac.cn.

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