. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 9.

Published in final edited form as: Criminology. 2020 Dec 16;59(1):109–136. doi: 10.1111/1745-9125.12264

Table 2.

Multilevel random effects regression models of youth offending prevalence (n=204,621).

	Model 1	Model 2
*Fixed Effects*
Grade	−.163 ^***	−.377 ^***
	(.009)	(.010)
Black	.193 ^***	.372 ^***
	(.016)	(.017)
Other	.224 ^***	.322 ^***
	(.011)	(.012)
Sex	.504 ^***	312 ^***
	(.009)	(.010)
Single parent	.266 ^***	0.100 ^***
	(.011)	(.012)
Parental education	−.071 ^***	−.017 ^***
	(.004)	(.004)
Moderate work		.177 ^***
		(.011)
Intensive work		.225 ^***
		(.025)
Unstructured socializing		.104 ^***
		(.002)
Alcohol frequency		.423 ^***
		(.006)
College graduation expectation		−.311 ^***
		(.017)
Community involvement		−.058 ^***
		(.005)
School attachment		−.258 ^***
		(.005)
Parental supervision		−.124 ^***
		(.004)
Sensation seeking		.737 ^***
		(.014)
*Random Effects*
Variance (Intercept)	.044	.014

p<.05

^**

p<.01

^***

p<.001