Table 2.
Adjusted a mean dietary intake and alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (aHEI-2010) scores and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) in adults from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition in 2004 and 2015.
| 2004 Mean (95% CI) |
2015 Mean (95% CI) |
p for Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Intake | |||
| Total energy intake, Kcal/d | 2076 (2049–2102) | 1896 (1869–1924) | <0.0001 |
| Vegetables, servings/d | 2.5 (2.3–2.6) | 2.1 (1.9–2.2) | <0.0001 |
| Fruits, servings/d | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) | 0.1133 |
| Whole grains, g/d | 19.4 (18.5–20.4) | 21.9 (20.5–23.4) | 0.0057 |
| Nuts and legumes, servings/d | 0.33 (0.26–0.40) | 0.44 (0.37–0.52) | <0.0001 |
| SSB b and fruit juice, servings/d | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | <0.0001 |
| Long-chain n-3 (EPA + DHA) c, mg/d | 151 (136–167) | 159 (138–180) | 0.5838 |
| PUFA d, % of energy | 5.6 (5.4–5.8) | 6.9 (6.7–7.2) | <0.0001 |
| Red/processed meat, servings/d | 0.94 (0.86–1.02) | 0.92 (0.85–1.00) | 0.5458 |
| Sodium, mg/d | 2897 (2859–2934) | 2802 (2766–2839) | 0.0005 |
| mg/1000 kcal | 1545 (1524–1567) | 1486 (1466–1506) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol, drink/d | 0.58 (0.42–0.75) | 0.66 (0.52–0.81) | 0.0310 |
| aHEI-2010 score | |||
| Vegetables (/10) | 4.3 (4.1–4.5) | 3.8 (3.6–4.0) | <0.0001 |
| Fruits (/10) | 2.9 (2.7–3.0) | 2.8 (2.6–3.0) | 0.5061 |
| Whole grains (/10) | 2.1 (1.9–2.2) | 2.2 (2.0–2.4) | 0.0609 |
| Nuts and legumes (/10) | 2.0 (1.8–2.2) | 2.6 (2.4–2.8) | <0.0001 |
| SSB b and fruit juice (/10) | 4.6 (4.3–4.9) | 5.2 (4.9–5.5) | <0.0001 |
| Long-chain n-3 (EPA + DHA)c (/10) | 2.4 (2.2–2.6) | 2.6 (2.4–2.8) | 0.0329 |
| PUFA d (/10) | 4.3 (4.1–4.5) | 5.6 (5.4–5.8) | <0.0001 |
| Red/processed meat (/10) | 5.7 (5.5–5.9) | 5.9 (5.6–6.1) | 0.0565 |
| Sodium (/10) | 4.8 (4.6–5.0) | 5.0 (4.8–5.2) | 0.0092 |
| Alcohol (/10) | 3.5 (3.4–3.7) | 3.3 (3.2–3.5) | 0.0022 |
| Total aHEI-2010 score (/100) | 36.5 (36.2–36.8) | 39.0 (38.5–39.4) | <0. 0001 |
a Adjusted for sex, age, income, education, food insecurity, marital status, region status, immigrant status, current smoking status, BMI, household size, and energy intake (continuous); b SSB stands for sugar-sweetened beverages; c EPA + DHA stands for eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid; d PUFA stands for polyunsaturated fatty acid (excluding omega-3 fatty acids).