Table 2.
Comparative analysis of thromboxane levels in SCD, COVID-19, and asthmatics.
| Subjects | Source and Analyte | Thromboxane Levels | p-Value Compared to Controls | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Disease State | |||
| Sickle Cell Disease | Plasma 2,3 dinor-TxB2 [140] (µg/L) (Mean ± SEM) |
HD (n = 12) 2.75 ± 0.83 |
Steady State SCD (n = 15) 21.53 ± 5.10 |
p < 0.001 |
| Plasma TxB2 [140] (µg/L) (Mean ± SEM) |
HD (n = 12) <0.005 |
Steady State SCD (n = 15) 0.543 ± 0.101 |
p < 0.05 | |
| Urinary TxB2 [140] (pg/mg creatinine) (Mean ± SEM) |
HD (n = 12) 0.41 ± 0.30 |
Steady State SCD (n = 15) 0.91 ± 0.13 |
p < 0.05 | |
| Urinary 2,3 dinor-TxB2 [140] (pg/mg creatinine) (mean ± SEM) |
HD (n = 12) 1.70 ± 0.032 |
Steady State SCD (n = 15) 2.81 ± 0.13 |
p < 0.01 | |
| Urinary 11-dehydro-TxB2 [141] (pg/mg creatinine) (Mean ± SEM) |
HD (n = 33) 299 ± 20 |
Steady State SCD (n = 49) 1227 ± 191 |
p = 0.0002 | |
| Vaso-Occlusive SCD (n = 15) 1836 ± 536 |
p = 0.0005 | |||
| COVID-19 | BALF TxB2 [52] (nmol/L) (Means) |
HD (n = 25) <0.250 |
Severe COVID-19 (n = 33) 12.0 |
p < 0.0001 |
| Plasma TxB2 [23] (ng/mL) (Median) |
HD (n = 11) 4.0 |
Severe COVID-19 (n = 35) 7.5 |
p < 0.05 | |
| Urinary 11-dehydro-TxB2 [143] (pg/mg creatinine) (Median (95% CI)) |
Without Events (n = 47) 4890 (5049–8290) |
With Events (n = 18) 7603 (7541–19,791) |
p = 0.002 | |
| <10 d of hospitalization (n = 35) 4801 (3817–9196) |
≥10 d of hospitalization (n = 30) 8614 (7990–14,316) |
p = 0.02 | ||
| No death (n = 48) 5360 (5907–10,038) |
Death (n = 6) 15,069 (1915–42,007) |
p = 0.004 | ||
| No Mechanical Ventilation (n = 56) 5137 (4498–7512) |
Mechanical Ventilation (n = 9) 20,121 (5364–41,015) |
p < 0.001 | ||
| Atopic Asthmatics | BALF TxB2 [144] (nmol/L) (Mean ± SEM) |
Before Allergen Challenge (n = 8) 0.130 ± 0.021 |
After Allergen Challenge (n = 8) 0.430 ± 0.108 |
p < 0.05 |
HD, healthy donor; BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.