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. 2023 Feb 15;13(2):371. doi: 10.3390/biom13020371

Figure 4.

Figure 4

PI3K-Akt and G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling is Upregulated in Spaceflight. (a,b) Significantly elevated transcripts in the spaceflight group associated with the PI3K-Akt pathway include the following: Mdm2, 6480-fold change; Tsc1, 13,830-fold change; Hras, 3-fold change; and Pik3cd, 50-fold change. (c,f) IPA-generated canonical pathways of PI3K-Akt and GPCR signaling. (d,e) Significantly upregulated transcripts in the spaceflight group associated with the GPCR pathway include the following: P2ry1, 2-fold change; Hras, 3-fold change; Rapgef3, 6-fold change; Plce1, 21-fold change; Pik3cd, 50-fold change; Prkacb, 1317-fold change; Atf2, 1405-fold change; Pde4c, 1861-fold change; Creb5, 2182-fold change; Camk2b, 2344-fold change; Lpar1, 3145-fold change; and Adcy7, 7631-fold change. ** = p < 0.01, *** = p < 0.001.