Table 2.
Summary of currently practised mycotoxin detection methodologies as per FSSAI Manual of Methods of Analysis of Foods—Mycotoxins.
| Mycotoxin | Matrix | Detection Method | LOD | LOQ | Linearity Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total AFs | Groundnuts and groundnut products, oilseeds and food grains | Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC)-Ultraviolet (UV) | - | - | - |
| Total AFs | Food and feed | TLC-UV: Romer Mini Column Method | - | Almonds ≥ 5 ng/g, corn, cotton seed meals, nuts ≥ 10 ng/g, mixed feeds ≥ 5 ng/g |
- |
| Total AFs | Corn and groundnuts | TLC-UV | - | B1, G1 = 5 to 50 ng/g, B2, G2 = 3 to 15 ng/g |
- |
| Total AFs | Corn and peanut powder/butter | HPLC-FLD (Derivatised) | 0.3 ng/g | - | B1, G1 = 0.25 to 2 ng/mL, B2, G2 = 0.125 to 1 ng/mL |
| AFs (B1, B2 and G1) | Corn, cottonseed, peanut, peanut butter | ELISA (Immuno-dot screen cup) | - | Cottonseed, peanut ≥ 20 ng/g, corn, raw peanuts ≥ 30 ng/g |
- |
| AFs (B1, B2 and G1) | Corn | ELISA (Afla-20 cup test) | - | ≥20 ng/g | - |
| AF B1 and Total AFs | Peanut butter, pistachio paste, chilli, paprika powder and other spice powders, dried figs and other dried fruits | HPLC-FLD (IAC cleanup and derivatised) | - | - | B1, G1 = 0.4 to 3.6 ng/mL, B2, G2= 0.08 to 0.72 ng/mL |
| AF B1 | Baby food | HPLC-FLD (IAC cleanup and derivatised) | - | ≥0.1 ng/g | 0.01 to 0.07 ng/mL |
|
Total AFs +
their derivatives (G2a, B2a) |
Olive oil, peanut oil and sesame oil | HPLC-FLD (IAC cleanup and derivatised) | - | 2 to 20 μg/kg | B1 = 0.4 to 10 ng/mL, G1 = 0.2 to 5 ng/mL, B2, G2 = 0.1 to 2.5 ng/mL |
| Total AFs | Peanut, peanut products and cereals | UHPLC-FLD (Direct method) | - | 0.008 μg/kg for B1 and G1, 0.003 μg/kg for B2 and G2 |
0.02 to 10 ng/g |
| AFs M1 and M2 | Milk | LC-FLD | - | - | - |
| AF M1 | Milk | LC-UV Vis | - | ˃0.02 ng/mL | 0.05 to 1 ng/mL |
| Total AFs | Matrices other than described above | HPTLC-UV | - | - | - |
| DON | Wheat | TLC-UV | - | ≥300 ng/g | - |
| OTA | Barley | TLC-UV | - | - | - |
| OTA | Barley | HPLC-FLD(IAC Cleanup) | 0.1 ng/g | ˃1 ng/g | 0.5 to 10 ng/mL |
| AF + OTA | Cereals | UHPLC-FLD | AF = 0.02 ng/g, OTA = 0.1 ng/g |
- | 0.02 to 10 ng/mL for AF, 0.1 to 10 ng/mL |