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. 2023 Feb 9;28(4):1683. doi: 10.3390/molecules28041683

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Inhibition to NO/NOS system. iNOS gene expression (transcription and translation) can be inhibited through NF-κΒ and STAT-1 signaling pathway. iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; HA: hyaluronic acid; CoQ10: coenzymeQ10; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-B; STAT: signal transducer and activator of transcription; O₂: oxygen; NO: nitric oxide; BH₄: tetrahydrobiopterin; FMN: flavin mononucleotide; FAD: flavin adenine dinucleotide; NAPDH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NAPD⁺: oxidation form of NAPDH.