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. 2023 Feb 7;15(4):847. doi: 10.3390/nu15040847

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Ratios of urinary levels of 5-hydroxyaminoacetic acid (5-HIAA) (A) and kynurenine (KYN) (B) to tryptophan (TRP), as well as kynurenic acid (KYNA) to KYN (C) and quinolinic acid (QA) (D) expressed in milligram per gram of creatinine (mg/g Cr), in elderly individuals with mood disorders before (MD_1) and after (MD_2) a 12 week dietary intervention with tryptophan as well as elderly subjects without mood disorders (NO MD). Median with boxes represent I and III quartiles, and error bars represent 1.5 times the interquartile distance. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test was used to compare before–after groups (denoted as #), otherwise U Mann–Whitney test was used to analyze differences within two groups (denoted as *); n = 38 in the MD groups and n = 40 in NO MD group; **—p < 0.01; ***—p < 0.001; ##—p < 0.01, ###—p < 0.001.