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. 2023 Feb 9;13(2):256. doi: 10.3390/metabo13020256

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The effect of TMAO inhibition in atherosclerosis. Consumption of a high-choline diet leads to its conversion to trimethylamine (TMA) in the gut, with the aid of CutC/CutD and TMA-lyase. Inhibition of these enzymes by iodomethylcholine (IMC)/fluoromethylcholine (FMC) and 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) leads to lower trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) production in the liver. As a result, atherosclerosis may be attenuated through multiple mechanisms. FMO: flavin-containing monooxygenase, ER: endoplasmic reticulum, ROS: reactive oxygen species.