Extended Data Fig. 3. FXR is present and active in tissues affected by COVID-19 and their corresponding CDCA-treated organoids.

(a–b) Immunofluorescence images confirming expression of FXR in primary human gall bladder, lungs and intestinal tissue (a) and in corresponding primary organoids treated with physiological levels of bile acids (CDCA, 10 μM) (b). N = 4 independent experiments. White scale bars 100 μm; grey scale bar 25 μm. (c) QPCR analysis validating expression of FXR and its downstream effector SHP in primary tissue and corresponding organoids in presence or absence of physiological levels of bile acids (CDCA). CDCA treatment increases FXR and SHP expression in organoids to levels that are closer to primary tissue. Housekeeping gene, HMBS; n = 4 independent experiments; one-way ANOVA adjusted for multiple comparisons; centre line, median; box, interquartile range (IQR); whiskers, range; bars, standard deviation. AOs, airway organoids; IOs, intestinal organoids.