Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS. 2022 Oct 21;37(2):217–231. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003411

Table 3b.

Comparison of Month 12 Virally Suppressed and Non-suppressed on SAMISS Questionnaire – Baseline SAMISS1 and Stigma

Question Value2 Suppressed at Month 12 (VL< 200) Unsuppressed at Month 12 (VL >= 200) p value3 Chi square Test for trend p value4
Q1. How often do you have a drink containing alcohol?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.49 0.53
Never 11/68 (16%) 12/60 (18%)
Monthly or less 23/68 (34%) 18/60 (26%)
2–4 times/month 12/68 (18%) 18/60 (26%)
2–3 times/week 12/68 (18%) 7/60 (10%)
4 or more times/week 5/68 (7%) 3/60 (4%)
Response not valid 1/68 (1%) 1/60 (1%)
Q2. How many drinks do you have on a typical day when you are drinking?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.84 0.61
None 17/68 (25%) 17/60 (25%)
1 or 2 27/68 (40%) 27/60 (40%)
3 or 4 15/68 (22%) 10/60 (15%)
5 or 6 3/68 (4%) 4/60 (6%)
7–9 1/68 (1%)
Response not valid 1/68 (1%) 1/60 (1%)
Q3. How often do you have 4 or more drinks on 1 occasion?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.20 0.59
Never 25/68 (37%) 25/60 (37%)
Less than monthly 27/68 (40%) 17/60 (25%)
Monthly 9/68 (13%) 9/60 (13%)
Weekly 1/68 (1%) 6/60 (9%)
Daily or almost daily 2/68 (3%) 1/60 (1%)
Response not valid 1/60 (1%)
Q4. In the past year, how often did you use nonprescription drugs to get high or to change the way you feel?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.81 0.53
Never 40/68 (59%) 31/60 (46%)
Less than monthly 9/68 (13%) 11/60 (16%)
Monthly 6/68 (9%) 8/60 (12%)
Weekly 4/68 (6%) 5/60 (7%)
Daily or almost daily 5/68 (7%) 4/60 (6%)
Q5. In the past year, how often did you use drugs prescribed to you or to someone else to get high or change the way you feel?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.54 0.1
Never 56/68 (82%) 46/60 (68%)
Less than monthly 6/68 (9%) 8/60 (12%)
Monthly 2/68 (3%) 3/60 (4%)
Weekly 1/60 (1%)
Daily or almost daily 1/60 (1%)
Q6. In the past year, how often did you drink or use drugs more than you meant to?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.66 0.87
Never 33/68 (49%) 32/60 (47%)
Less than monthly 19/68 (28%) 12/60 (18%)
Monthly 6/68 (9%) 9/60 (13%)
Weekly 3/68 (4%) 4/60 (6%)
Daily or almost daily 3/68 (4%) 2/60 (3%)
Q7. How often did you feel you wanted or needed to cut down on your drinking or drug use in the past year, and were not able to?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.91 0.89
Never 38/68 (56%) 35/60 (51%)
Less than monthly 14/68 (21%) 11/60 (16%)
Monthly 2/68 (3%) 4/60 (6%)
Weekly 5/68 (7%) 4/60 (6%)
Daily or almost daily 5/68 (7%) 5/60 (7%)
Q8. In the past year, when not high or intoxicated, did you ever feel extremely energetic or irritable and more talkative than usual?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.59
Yes 27/68 (40%) 22/60 (32%)
No 37/68 (54%) 37/60 (54%)
Q9. In the past year, were you ever on medication or antidepressants for depression or nerve problems?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.18
Yes 17/68 (25%) 23/60 (34%)
No 47/68 (69%) 36/60 (53%)
Q10. In the past year, was there ever a time when you felt sad, blue, or depressed for more than 2 weeks in a row?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.47
Yes 27/68 (40%) 29/60 (43%)
No 37/68 (54%) 30/60 (44%)
Q11. In the past year, was there ever a time lasting more than 2 weeks when you lost interest in most things or activities that usually give you pleasure?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.86
Yes 27/68 (40%) 26/60 (38%)
No 37/68 (54%) 33/60 (49%)
Q12. In the past year, did you ever have a period lasting more than 1 month when most of the time you felt worried and anxious?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.28
Yes 23/68 (34%) 27/60 (40%)
No 41/68 (60%) 32/60 (47%)
Q13. In the past year, did you have a spell or an attack when all of a sudden you felt frightened, anxious, or very uneasy when most people would not be afraid or anxious?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.72
Yes 26/68 (38%) 22/60 (32%)
No 38/68 (56%) 37/60 (54%)
Q14. In the past year, did you ever have a spell or an attack when for no reason your heart suddenly started to race, you felt faint, or you could not catch your breath?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.33
Yes 17/68 (25%) 21/60 (31%)
No 47/68 (69%) 38/60 (56%)
Q15. During your lifetime, as a child or adult, have you experienced or witnessed traumatic events that involved harm to yourself or to others?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.71
Yes 41/68 (60%) 35/60 (51%)
No 23/68 (34%) 24/60 (35%)
Q16. In the past year, have you been troubled by flashbacks, nightmares, or thoughts of the trauma?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.35
Yes 22/68 (32%) 23/60 (34%)
No 19/68 (28%) 12/60 (18%)
Question was skipped 23/68 (34%) 24/60 (35%)
Q17. In the past 3 months, have you experienced any events or received information that was so upsetting it affected how you cope with everyday life?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.34
Yes 18/68 (26%) 22/60 (32%)
No 46/68 (68%) 37/60 (54%)
Q18. Have had nightmares about it or thought about it when you did not want to?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.72
Yes 25/68 (37%) 25/60 (37%)
No 39/68 (57%) 34/60 (50%)
Q19. Tried hard not to think about it or went out of your way to avoid situations that reminded you of it?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.23
Yes 30/68 (44%) 34/60 (50%)
No 34/68 (50%) 25/60 (37%)
Q20. Were constantly on guard, watchful, or easily startled?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.72
Yes 25/68 (37%) 25/60 (37%)
No 39/68 (57%) 34/60 (50%)
Q21. Felt numb or detached from others, activities, or your surroundings?
SAMISS not taken 4/68 (6%) 1/60 (1%) 0.72
Yes 28/68 (41%) 28/60 (41%)
No 36/68 (53%) 31/60 (46%)
1. Internalized Stigma5
Mean (Min, Max) 2.1 (1, 5) 2.0 (1, 5) 0.40
Median (Q1, Q3) 2 (1, 3) 2 (1, 3)
2. HIV Stigma6
Mean (Min, Max) 2.9 (1, 5) 2.9 (1, 5) 0.65
Median (Q1, Q3) 3 (3, 4) 3 (2, 4)
3. Community Stigma7
Mean (Min, Max) 0.3 (0, 1) 0.3 (0, 1) 0.33
Median (Q1, Q3) 0 (0, 1) 0 (0, 1)

The table shows the baseline demographics and health characteristics of participants based on viral suppression status. Suppressed indicates that the viral load was <200 copies/mL at the month 12 study visit. Numbers in parentheses incidate percentatges, ranges (min/max), or quartiles (Q1, Q3). CM: case manager study arm; SOC: standard of care study arm; N=number; HIV viral load (VL, HIV RNA copies/mL).

Abbreviations: ART: antiretroviral therapy; SAMISS: Substance Abuse and Mental Illness Symptoms Screener; Min: minimum, Max: maximum, 1–5; Q: quartertile

1

SAMISS questions Q22–24 are only available at month 12; CASI questions Q73–79 (engagement in LGBT community) and Q15 (prior ART use) are only available at baseline.

2

The “missing” category was not included in the statistical test.

3

If variable/question is categorical then the p value is from Fisher’s exact test for independence; if variable is numeric then the p value is from Wilcoxon rank sum test.

5

Average exclude variables with value = 99 (prefer not to answer) from the average.

6

Average exclude variables with value = 99 (prefer not to answer) from the average.

7

Calculate the percent “Yes” responses among the variables with responses 1 or 2; exclude 77 (don’t know) and 99 (prefer not to answer).