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Fig. 4. Clinical course of hepatitis C virus infection in a patient and four chimpanzees. Viremia as measured by RT-PCR. Open tall rectangle, negative; filled tall rectangle, positive; open wide rectangle, antibody to HCV core and nonstructural proteins. Infections began at week 0. Rechallenges are identified by a downward arrow. Samples tested for neutralizing antibody are identified. Filled triangle, single serum samples; open triangle, mix of three weekly (115-117) serum samples used for neutralization experiment in a chimpanzee; ordinate, serum alanine aminotransferase levels.