Supplementary Materials

This PDF file includes:

  • Supplementary Materials and Methods
  • fig. S1. Illustration of the iterative EnOI-DE/CMIP5 method used in the current study.
  • fig. S2. An example of the reconstructed fields after three iterative scans.
  • fig. S3. Reconstruction of temperature field at 1200 m in August 2011 for the historical sampling (in February).
  • fig. S4. Reconstruction of temperature field at 1200 m in August 2011 for the historical sampling (in September).
  • fig. S5. Mean temperature error as a function of different choices of the influencing radii between the reconstructed and truth fields.
  • fig. S6. Six major ocean basins defined in this study.
  • fig. S7. Global and basin-averaged sampling error compared with reconstructed temperature change at 20 m.
  • fig. S8. Global and basin-averaged sampling error compared with reconstructed temperature change at 300 m.
  • fig. S9. Global and basin-averaged sampling error compared with reconstructed temperature change at 800 m.
  • fig. S10. Global and basin-averaged sampling error compared with reconstructed temperature change at 1200 m.
  • fig. S11. Geographical distribution of mean and 2σ sampling error for 0- to 2000-m average.
  • fig. S12. Geographical distribution of mean and 2σ sampling error in 1°-by-1° grid at 20 and 1600 m.
  • fig. S13. 2σ sampling error for different scans at different depths.
  • fig. S14. Global OHC time series for the reconstructions after scan 1, scan 2, and scan 3.
  • fig. S15. Frequency distribution of temperature anomalies for the years 1986 and 2015.
  • fig. S16. Sampling error as calculated by two subsample methods.
  • fig. S17. S/N ratio analysis for two methods of subsample test.
  • fig. S18. Comparison between OHC and sea level change since 1993.
  • fig. S19. Distribution of the ensemble anomalies.
  • table S1. OHC trends obtained in this study for the 1960–1991 and 1992–2015 periods.
  • table S2. Net OHC and EEI changes obtained in the current study compared with some independent estimates.

Download PDF

Files in this Data Supplement: