Resistant cells do not have defect in CatB or CatL. Overexpression of human CatB, a, or human CatL, b, in resistant cell lines. The procathepsin (Pro), single chain (SC), and double chain (DC) forms are indicated. c, Resistant cell lines were transiently transfected with an expression plasmid for human CatB or CatL and challenged with VSV EboGP mCherry. Percent cells infected was quantitated by flow cytometry. Bars represent averages from three experiments done in triplicate, error bars represent standard error mean. Asterick indicates statistically significant difference in infection level between CatL and empty vector, p = 0.03. d, Transduction of WT CHO-K1 cells and resistant cell lines with VSV pseudotypes bearing ZEBOV GP or SARS S, as measured by renilla luciferase activity. Bars represent average of means from three experiments done in triplicate, error bars represent standard error means.