Skip to main content
American Journal of Public Health logoLink to American Journal of Public Health
. 1999 Aug;89(8):1151–1153. doi: 10.2105/ajph.89.8.1151

Questioning epidemiology: objectivity, advocacy, and socially responsible science.

N Krieger
PMCID: PMC1508685  PMID: 10432896

Full text

PDF
1151

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Kaplan G. A., Lynch J. W. Whither studies on the socioeconomic foundations of population health? Am J Public Health. 1997 Sep;87(9):1409–1411. doi: 10.2105/ajph.87.9.1409. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Krieger N. Embodying inequality: a review of concepts, measures, and methods for studying health consequences of discrimination. Int J Health Serv. 1999;29(2):295–352. doi: 10.2190/M11W-VWXE-KQM9-G97Q. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Krieger N. Epidemiology and the web of causation: has anyone seen the spider? Soc Sci Med. 1994 Oct;39(7):887–903. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90202-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Krieger N., Rowley D. L., Herman A. A., Avery B., Phillips M. T. Racism, sexism, and social class: implications for studies of health, disease, and well-being. Am J Prev Med. 1993 Nov-Dec;9(6 Suppl):82–122. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Krieger N., Sidney S. Racial discrimination and blood pressure: the CARDIA Study of young black and white adults. Am J Public Health. 1996 Oct;86(10):1370–1378. doi: 10.2105/ajph.86.10.1370. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Krieger N., Zierler S. What explains the public's health?--A call for epidemiologic theory. Epidemiology. 1996 Jan;7(1):107–109. doi: 10.1097/00001648-199601000-00020. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Laveist T. A. Segregation, poverty, and empowerment: health consequences for African Americans. Milbank Q. 1993;71(1):41–64. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Lillie-Blanton M., Laveist T. Race/ethnicity, the social environment, and health. Soc Sci Med. 1996 Jul;43(1):83–91. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00337-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Pearce N. Traditional epidemiology, modern epidemiology, and public health. Am J Public Health. 1996 May;86(5):678–683. doi: 10.2105/ajph.86.5.678. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Poole C., Rothman K. J. Our conscientious objection to the epidemiology wars. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1998 Oct;52(10):613–614. doi: 10.1136/jech.52.10.613. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Rose G. Sick individuals and sick populations. Int J Epidemiol. 1985 Mar;14(1):32–38. doi: 10.1093/ije/14.1.32. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Rothman K. J., Adami H. O., Trichopoulos D. Should the mission of epidemiology include the eradication of poverty? Lancet. 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):810–813. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(98)01327-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Rowley D. L., Hogue C. J., Blackmore C. A., Ferre C. D., Hatfield-Timajchy K., Branch P., Atrash H. K. Preterm delivery among African-American women: a research strategy. Am J Prev Med. 1993 Nov-Dec;9(6 Suppl):1–6. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Savitz D. A., Poole C., Miller W. C. Reassessing the role of epidemiology in public health. Am J Public Health. 1999 Aug;89(8):1158–1161. doi: 10.2105/ajph.89.8.1158. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Schwartz S., Carpenter K. M. The right answer for the wrong question: consequences of type III error for public health research. Am J Public Health. 1999 Aug;89(8):1175–1180. doi: 10.2105/ajph.89.8.1175. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Shy C. M. The failure of academic epidemiology: witness for the prosecution. Am J Epidemiol. 1997 Mar 15;145(6):479–487. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009133. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Smith G. D., Egger M. Commentary: understanding it all--health, meta-theories, and mortality trends. BMJ. 1996 Dec 21;313(7072):1584–1585. doi: 10.1136/bmj.313.7072.1584. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Susser M. Does risk factor epidemiology put epidemiology at risk? Peering into the future. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1998 Oct;52(10):608–611. doi: 10.1136/jech.52.10.608. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Susser M., Susser E. Choosing a future for epidemiology: II. From black box to Chinese boxes and eco-epidemiology. Am J Public Health. 1996 May;86(5):674–677. doi: 10.2105/ajph.86.5.674. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Williams D. R. Race and health: basic questions, emerging directions. Ann Epidemiol. 1997 Jul;7(5):322–333. doi: 10.1016/s1047-2797(97)00051-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Zierler S., Krieger N. Reframing women's risk: social inequalities and HIV infection. Annu Rev Public Health. 1997;18:401–436. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.18.1.401. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from American Journal of Public Health are provided here courtesy of American Public Health Association

RESOURCES