Skip to main content
NCBI home page
American Journal of Public Health logoLink to American Journal of Public Health
. 1999 Dec;89(12):1827–1831. doi: 10.2105/ajph.89.12.1827

Effectiveness of a social influences smoking prevention program as a function of provider type, training method, and school risk.

R Cameron 1, K S Brown 1, J A Best 1, C L Pelkman 1, C L Madill 1, S R Manske 1, M E Payne 1
PMCID: PMC1509003  PMID: 10589310

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This study determined the effect of provider (nurse or teacher) and training method (workshop or self-preparation) on outcomes of a social influences smoking prevention program. METHODS: One hundred elementary schools were stratified by school risk score (high risk = high smoking rate among senior students) and assigned randomly to conditions: (1) teacher/self-preparation, (2) teacher/workshop, (3) nurse/self-preparation, (4) nurse/workshop, and (5) control. Intervention occurred in grades 6 to 8. Smoking status at the end of grade 8 was the primary endpoint variable. RESULTS: Intervention reduced grade 8 smoking rates in high-risk schools (smoking rates of 26.9% in control vs 16.0% in intervention schools) but not in low-risk schools. There were no significant differences in outcome as a function of training method and no significant differences in outcome between teacher-provided and nurse-provided interventions in high- and medium-risk schools. Although nurses achieved better outcomes than did teachers in low-risk schools, neither provider type achieved outcomes superior to the control condition in those schools. CONCLUSIONS: Workshop training did not affect outcomes. Teachers and nurses were equally effective providers. Results suggest that programming should target high-risk schools.

Full text

PDF
1827

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Basen-Engquist K., O'Hara-Tompkins N., Lovato C. Y., Lewis M. J., Parcel G. S., Gingiss P. The effect of two types of teacher training on implementation of Smart Choices: a tobacco prevention curriculum. J Sch Health. 1994 Oct;64(8):334–339. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.1994.tb03323.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Best J. A., Thomson S. J., Santi S. M., Smith E. A., Brown K. S. Preventing cigarette smoking among school children. Annu Rev Public Health. 1988;9:161–201. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pu.09.050188.001113. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Biglan A., Glasgow R., Ary D., Thompson R., Severson H., Lichtenstein E., Weissman W., Faller C., Gallison C. How generalizable are the effects of smoking prevention programs? Refusal skills training and parent messages in a teacher-administered program. J Behav Med. 1987 Dec;10(6):613–628. doi: 10.1007/BF00846658. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Botvin G. J., Baker E., Dusenbury L., Tortu S., Botvin E. M. Preventing adolescent drug abuse through a multimodal cognitive-behavioral approach: results of a 3-year study. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1990 Aug;58(4):437–446. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.58.4.437. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cameron R., Brown K. S., Best J. A. The dissemination of chronic disease prevention programs: linking science and practice. Can J Public Health. 1996 Nov-Dec;87 (Suppl 2):S50–S53. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Donner A., Brown K. S., Brasher P. A methodological review of non-therapeutic intervention trials employing cluster randomization, 1979-1989. Int J Epidemiol. 1990 Dec;19(4):795–800. doi: 10.1093/ije/19.4.795. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Elder J. P., Wildey M., de Moor C., Sallis J. F., Jr, Eckhardt L., Edwards C., Erickson A., Golbeck A., Hovell M., Johnston D. The long-term prevention of tobacco use among junior high school students: classroom and telephone interventions. Am J Public Health. 1993 Sep;83(9):1239–1244. doi: 10.2105/ajph.83.9.1239. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Ellickson P. L., Bell R. M. Drug prevention in junior high: a multi-site longitudinal test. Science. 1990 Mar 16;247(4948):1299–1305. doi: 10.1126/science.2180065. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Flynn B. S., Worden J. K., Secker-Walker R. H., Badger G. J., Geller B. M., Costanza M. C. Prevention of cigarette smoking through mass media intervention and school programs. Am J Public Health. 1992 Jun;82(6):827–834. doi: 10.2105/ajph.82.6.827. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Glynn T. J. Essential elements of school-based smoking prevention programs. J Sch Health. 1989 May;59(5):181–188. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.1989.tb04698.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Manske S. R., Brown K. S., Cameron A. J. School-based smoking control: a research agenda. Cancer Prev Control. 1997 Aug;1(3):196–212. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Murray D. M., Rooney B. L., Hannan P. J., Peterson A. V., Ary D. V., Biglan A., Botvin G. J., Evans R. I., Flay B. R., Futterman R. Intraclass correlation among common measures of adolescent smoking: estimates, correlates, and applications in smoking prevention studies. Am J Epidemiol. 1994 Dec 1;140(11):1038–1050. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117194. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Patrick D. L., Cheadle A., Thompson D. C., Diehr P., Koepsell T., Kinne S. The validity of self-reported smoking: a review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health. 1994 Jul;84(7):1086–1093. doi: 10.2105/ajph.84.7.1086. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Perry C. L., Kelder S. H., Murray D. M., Klepp K. I. Communitywide smoking prevention: long-term outcomes of the Minnesota Heart Health Program and the Class of 1989 Study. Am J Public Health. 1992 Sep;82(9):1210–1216. doi: 10.2105/ajph.82.9.1210. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Santi S. M., Best J. A., Payne M. E., Brown K. S., Cameron R. A comparison between instructional experience and performance of teachers and nurses delivering a smoking prevention program. Can J Public Health. 1992 Nov-Dec;83(6):433–436. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Santi S., Best J. A., Brown K. S., Cargo M. Social environment and smoking initiation. Int J Addict. 1990;25(7A-8A):881–903. doi: 10.3109/10826089109071028. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Vartiainen E., Fallonen U., McAlister A. L., Puska P. Eight-year follow-up results of an adolescent smoking prevention program: the North Karelia Youth Project. Am J Public Health. 1990 Jan;80(1):78–79. doi: 10.2105/ajph.80.1.78. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Vartiainen E., Paavola M., McAlister A., Puska P. Fifteen-year follow-up of smoking prevention effects in the North Karelia youth project. Am J Public Health. 1998 Jan;88(1):81–85. doi: 10.2105/ajph.88.1.81. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Young R. L., Elder J. P., Green M., de Moor C., Wildey M. B. Tobacco use prevention and health facilitator effectiveness. J Sch Health. 1988 Nov;58(9):370–373. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.1988.tb00572.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Young R. L., de Moor C., Wildey M. B., Gully S., Hovell M. F., Elder J. P. Correlates of health facilitator performance in a tobacco use prevention program: implications for recruitment. J Sch Health. 1990 Nov;60(9):463–467. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.1990.tb05979.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Zeger S. L., Liang K. Y. Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes. Biometrics. 1986 Mar;42(1):121–130. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from American Journal of Public Health are provided here courtesy of American Public Health Association

RESOURCES