Abstract
By use of a selective medium containing ethidium bromide, population analyses of yeast galactose long-term adaptation mutants (gal3) in the process of deadaptation in the absence of galactose have been performed. The analysis of diploid strains homozygous for the gal3 locus but heterozygous for different combinations of the other mutant galactose loci, which thus have reduced amounts of the gene products of those loci, have demonstrated that, in addition to the two permease units determined in a previous study, a cell requires one complex of the Leloir pathway enzymes and two complexes specified by the Gal4 locus to be readily induced. From the consideration of these complexes as being aggregated molecules which are diluted out as units (i.e., if such a molecule were a dimer, it would not dissociate into monomers) during cell growth, the in vivo aggregation of these enzymes and the Gal4 gene product could be studied. The data indicate that the function of the Gal4 gene product is to activate a Leloir enzyme complex. It is postulated that the gal3 phenotype is the result of such strains' inability to actively synthesize an endogenous co-inducer which allows wild-type cells to be readily induced upon exposure to galactose.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (989.8 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- DOUGLAS H. C. A mutation in saccharomyces that affects phosphoglucomutase activity and galactose utilization. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1961 Sep 2;52:209–211. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(61)90924-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DOUGLAS H. C., CONDIE F. The genetic control of galactose utilization in Saccharomyces. J Bacteriol. 1954 Dec;68(6):662–670. doi: 10.1128/jb.68.6.662-670.1954. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DOUGLAS H. C., HAWTHORNE D. C. ENZYMATIC EXPRESSION AND GENETIC LINKAGE OF GENES CONTROLLING GALACTOSE UTILIZATION IN SACCHAROMYCES. Genetics. 1964 May;49:837–844. doi: 10.1093/genetics/49.5.837. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hawthorne D C, Mortimer R K. Chromosome Mapping in Saccharomyces: Centromere-Linked Genes. Genetics. 1960 Aug;45(8):1085–1110. doi: 10.1093/genetics/45.8.1085. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KALCKAR H. M., BRAGANCA B., MUNCH-PETERSEN H. M. Uridyl transferases and the formation of uridine diphosphogalactose. Nature. 1953 Dec 5;172(4388):1038–1038. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kosterlitz H. W. The fermentation of galactose and galactose-1-phosphate. Biochem J. 1943 Sep;37(3):322–326. doi: 10.1042/bj0370322. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LELOIR L. F. The enzymatic transformation of uridine diphosphate glucose into a galactose derivative. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1951 Sep;33(2):186–190. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(51)90096-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROTMAN B., SPIEGELMAN S. The conversion of negatives to positives in slow adapting populations of yeast. J Bacteriol. 1953 Oct;66(4):492–497. doi: 10.1128/jb.66.4.492-497.1953. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SPIEGELMAN S., SUSSMAN R. R., PINSKA E. On the cytoplasmic nature of "long-term adaptation" in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1950 Nov;36(11):591–606. doi: 10.1073/pnas.36.11.591. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Spiegelman S., Delorenzo W. F., Campbell A. M. A Single-Cell Analysis of the Transmission of Enzyme-Forming Capacity in Yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1951 Aug;37(8):513–524. doi: 10.1073/pnas.37.8.513. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tsuyumu S., Adams B. G. Population analysis of the deinduction kinetics of galactose long-term adaptation mutants of yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Mar;70(3):919–923. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.3.919. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wilson D. B., Hogness D. S. The enzymes of the galactose operon in Escherichia coli. II. The subunits of uridine diphosphogalactose 4-epimerase. J Biol Chem. 1969 Apr 25;244(8):2132–2136. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]