Skip to main content
PMC home page
The British Journal of Ophthalmology logoLink to The British Journal of Ophthalmology
. 1979 Aug;63(8):560–570. doi: 10.1136/bjo.63.8.560

Retinoblastoma: correlation of invasion of the optic nerve and choroid with prognosis and metastases.

C Stannard, S Lipper, R Sealy, D Sevel
PMCID: PMC1043548  PMID: 476032

Abstract

The histological sections of 74 retinoblastoma patients were reviewed. The extent of optic nerve invasion was correlated with choroidal/scleral extension. Choroidal invasion carries 100% survival provided that the sclera, iris, and whole optic nerve are not also involved. Invasion of the optic nerve beyond the lamina cribrosa also carries 100% survival provided that the resection line is free and that invasion does not involve the sclera or iris. Plentiful rosettes were usually found in those tumours that had not extended beyond the choroid or as far as the resection line of the optic nerve and were therefore associated with a good prognosis. The absence of rosettes did not necessarily indicate a poor prognosis. The site of metastases was related to optic nerve and scleral/extrascleral extension. The various systems of staging retinoblastoma are compared, and a new system is proposed to cover the whole spectrum of the disease and to offer a reliable guide to prognosis and treatment.

Full text

PDF
561

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aherne G. E., Roberts D. F. Retinoblastoma-a clinical survey and its genetic implications. Clin Genet. 1975 Oct;8(4):275–290. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1975.tb01503.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Beckwith J. B., Palmer N. F. Histopathology and prognosis of Wilms tumors: results from the First National Wilms' Tumor Study. Cancer. 1978 May;41(5):1937–1948. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197805)41:5<1937::aid-cncr2820410538>3.0.co;2-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bedford M. A., Bedotto C., Macfaul P. A. Retinoblastoma. A study of 139 cases. Br J Ophthalmol. 1971 Jan;55(1):19–27. doi: 10.1136/bjo.55.1.19. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bolande R. P. Benignity of neonatal tumors and concept of cancer repression in early life. Am J Dis Child. 1971 Jul;122(1):12–14. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1971.02110010048004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bonaïti-Pellie C., Briard-Guillemot M. L., Feingold J., Frezal J. Mutation theory of carcinogenesis in retinoblastoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1976 Aug;57(2):269–276. doi: 10.1093/jnci/57.2.269. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Brown D. H. The clinicopathology of retinoblastoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1966 Mar;61(3):508–514. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(66)91059-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. CARBAJAL U. M. Metastasis in retinoblastoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1959 Jul;48(1 Pt 1):47–69. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(59)90284-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. CARBAJAL U. M. Observations on retinoblastoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1958 Mar;45(3):391–402. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(58)90821-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Cassady J. R., Sagerman R. H., Tretter P., Ellsworth R. M. Radiation therapy in retinoblastoma. An analysis of 230 cases. Radiology. 1969 Aug;93(2):405–409. doi: 10.1148/93.2.405. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. D'Angio G. J., Evans A. E., Breslow N., Beckwith B., Bishop H., Feigl P., Goodwin W., Leape L. L., Sinks L. F., Sutow W. The treatment of Wilms' tumor: Results of the national Wilms' tumor study. Cancer. 1976 Aug;38(2):633–646. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197608)38:2<633::aid-cncr2820380203>3.0.co;2-s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Devesa S. S. The incidence of retinoblastoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1975 Aug;80(2):263–265. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(75)90143-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. FALLS H. F., NEEL J. V. Genetics of retinoblastoma. AMA Arch Ophthalmol. 1951 Oct;46(4):367–389. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1951.01700020378002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. HERM R. J., HEATH P. A study of retinoblastoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1956 Jan;41(1):22–30. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(56)91459-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Howard G. M., Ellsworth R. M. Differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma. A statistical survey of 500 children. II. Factors relating to the diagnosis of retinoblastoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1965 Oct;60(4):618–621. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Jensen O. A. Retinoblastoma in Denmark, 1943-1958. A clinical, histopathological, and prognostic study. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1965;43(6):821–840. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1965.tb07897.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Knudson A. G., Jr Mutation and cancer: statistical study of retinoblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Apr;68(4):820–823. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.4.820. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Leelawongs N., Regan C. D. Retinoblastoma. A review of ten years. Am J Ophthalmol. 1968 Dec;66(6):1050–1060. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Lennox E. L., Draper G. J., Sanders B. M. Retinoblastoma: a study of natural history and prognosis of 268 cases. Br Med J. 1975 Sep 27;3(5986):731–734. doi: 10.1136/bmj.3.5986.731. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. MERRIAM G. R., Jr Retinoblastoma; analysis of 17 autopsies. Arch Ophthal. 1950 Jul;44(1):71–108. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. MORK T. Malignant neoplasms of the eye in Norway. Incidence, treatment and prognosis. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1961;39:824–831. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1961.tb07747.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. REESE A. B., ELLSWORTH R. M. MANAGEMENT OF RETINOBLASTOMA. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1964 Apr 2;114:958–962. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. REESE A. B., ELLSWORTH R. M. The evaluation and current concept of retinoblastoma therapy. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1963 Mar-Apr;67:164–172. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Redler L. D., Ellsworth R. M. Prognostic importance of choroidal invasion in retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1973 Oct;90(4):294–296. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1973.01000050296009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. STALLARD H. B. Multiple islands of retinoblastoma; incidence rate and time span of appearance. Br J Ophthalmol. 1955 Apr;39(4):241–243. doi: 10.1136/bjo.39.4.241. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. SUTOW W. W. Prognosis in neuroblastoma of childhood. AMA J Dis Child. 1958 Sep;96(3):299–305. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1958.02060060301008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Sevel D., Sealy R., Lawton E. Retinoblastoma at Groote Schuur Hospital 1952-1972. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K. 1973;93(0):23–32. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Shimba H., Ohtaki K., Tanabe K., Sofuni T. Paracentric inversion of a human chromosome 7. Hum Genet. 1976 Jan 28;31(1):1–7. doi: 10.1007/BF00270393. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Stafford W. R., Yanoff M., Parnell B. L. Retinoblastomas initially misdiagnosed as primary ocular inflammations. Arch Ophthalmol. 1969 Dec;82(6):771–773. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1969.00990020763008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Stannard C. E., Sealy R., Sevel D., Brinton F. A. Treatment of malignant meningitis in retinoblastoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1975 Jul;59(7):362–365. doi: 10.1136/bjo.59.7.362. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Sutow W. W., Gehan E. A., Heyn R. M., Kung F. H., Miller R. W., Murphy M. L., Traggis D. G. Comparison of survival curves, 1956 versus 1962, in children with Wilms' tumor and neuroblastoma. Report of the Subcommittee on Childhood Solid Tumors, Solid Tumor Task Force, National Cancer Institute. Pediatrics. 1970 May;45(5):800–811. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Taktikos A. Investigation of retinoblastoma with special reference to histology and prognosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1966 May;50(5):225–234. doi: 10.1136/bjo.50.5.225. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Walton D. S., Grant W. M. Retinoblastoma and iris neovascularization. Am J Ophthalmol. 1968 Apr;65(4):598–599. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(68)93882-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The British Journal of Ophthalmology are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES