Skip to main content
PMC home page
Plant Physiology logoLink to Plant Physiology
. 1987 Oct;85(2):474–480. doi: 10.1104/pp.85.2.474

Activities of Isolated Mitochondria and Mitochondrial Enzymes from Aerobically and Anaerobically Germinated Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa) Seedlings 1

Robert A Kennedy 1,2, Theodore C Fox 1,2, James N Siedow 1,2
PMCID: PMC1054281  PMID: 16665723

Abstract

Activity of mitochondria isolated from whole seedlings of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. var oryzicola germinated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions for 5 to 7 days was investigated. Mitochondria from both treatments exhibited good respiratory control and ADP/O ratios. Although O2 uptake was low in anaerobic mitochondria, activity rapidly increased when the seedlings were transferred to air. Mitochondria from both aerobically and anaerobically grown seedlings of E. crus-galli var oryzicola maintained up to 66% of their initial respiration rate in the presence of both cyanide and salicylhydroxamic acid, and the inhibitory effects of cyanide and azide were additive. In addition, antimycin A was not an effective inhibitor of respiration. Reduced-minus-oxidized absorption spectra revealed that cytochromes a, a3, and b were reduced to a greater extent and cytochrome c was reduced to a lesser extent in anaerobically germinated seedlings relative to that in aerobically germinated seedlings. An absorption maximum in the cytochrome d region of the spectrum was reduced to the same extent under both germination conditions and an absorption maximum at 577 nm was present only in anaerobically germinated seedlings. Anaerobically germinated seedlings contained 70% of the cytochrome c oxidase activity found in air grown seedlings. Upon exposure to air, the developmental pattern of this enzyme in anaerobically germinated seedlings was similar to air controls. Succinate dehydrogenase activity in anaerobic seedlings was only 45% of the activity found in aerobically germinated seeds, but within 1 hour of exposure to air, the activity had increased to control levels. The results suggest that mitochondria isolated from E. crus-galli var oryzicola differ from other plants studied and that the potential for mitochondrial function during anaerobiosis exists.

Full text

PDF
475

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arima K., Oka T. Cyanide Resistance in Achromobacter I. Induced Formation of Cytochrome a(2) and Its Role in Cyanide-Resistant Respiration. J Bacteriol. 1965 Sep;90(3):734–743. doi: 10.1128/jb.90.3.734-743.1965. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Douce R., Christensen E. L., Bonner W. D., Jr Preparation of intaintact plant mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1972 Aug 17;275(2):148–160. doi: 10.1016/0005-2728(72)90035-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Gardeström P., Edwards G. E. Isolation of Mitochondria from Leaf Tissue of Panicum miliaceum, a NAD-Malic Enzyme Type C(4) Plant. Plant Physiol. 1983 Jan;71(1):24–29. doi: 10.1104/pp.71.1.24. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Hochachka P. W., Mustafa T. Invertebrate facultative anaerobiosis. Science. 1972 Dec 8;178(4065):1056–1060. doi: 10.1126/science.178.4065.1056. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Ikuma H., Bonner W. D. Properties of Higher Plant Mitochondria. I. Isolation and Some Characteristics of Tightly-coupled Mitochondria from Dark-grown Mung Bean Hypocotyls. Plant Physiol. 1967 Jan;42(1):67–75. doi: 10.1104/pp.42.1.67. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kennedy R. A., Rumpho M. E., Vanderzee D. Germination of Echinochloa crus-galli (Barnyard Grass) Seeds under Anaerobic Conditions : Respiration and Response to Metabolic Inhibitors. Plant Physiol. 1983 Jul;72(3):787–794. doi: 10.1104/pp.72.3.787. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Poole R. K. Bacterial cytochrome oxidases. A structurally and functionally diverse group of electron-transfer proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1983 Sep 15;726(3):205–243. doi: 10.1016/0304-4173(83)90006-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Rumpho M. E., Kennedy R. A. Anaerobiosis in Echinochloa crus-galli (Barnyard Grass) Seedlings : Intermediary Metabolism and Ethanol Tolerance. Plant Physiol. 1983 May;72(1):44–49. doi: 10.1104/pp.72.1.44. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Singer T. P., Oestreicher G., Hogue P. Regulation of Succinate Dehyrogenase in Higher Plants: I. Some General Characteristics of the Membrane-bound Enzyme. Plant Physiol. 1973 Dec;52(6):616–621. doi: 10.1104/pp.52.6.616. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Plant Physiology are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES