Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Plant Physiology logoLink to Plant Physiology
. 1987 Jan;83(1):63–68. doi: 10.1104/pp.83.1.63

Calcium- and Calmodulin-Regulated Breakdown of Phospholipid by Microsomal Membranes from Bean Cotyledons 1

Gopinadhan Paliyath 1, John E Thompson 1
PMCID: PMC1056300  PMID: 16665217

Abstract

Evidence for the involvement of Ca2+ and calmodulin in the regulation of phospholipid breakdown by microsomal membranes from bean cotyledons has been obtained by following the formation of radiolabeled degradation products from [U-14C]phosphatidylcholine. Three membrane-associated enzymes were found to mediate the breakdown of [U-14C] phosphatidylcholine, viz. phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4), phosphatidic acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.4), and lipolytic acyl hydrolase. Phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid phosphatase were both stimulated by physiological levels of free Ca2+, whereas lipolytic acyl hydrolase proved to be insensitive to Ca2+. Phospholipase D was unaffected by calmodulin, but the activity of phosphatidic acid phosphatase was additionally stimulated by nanomolar levels of calmodulin in the presence of 15 micromolar free Ca2+. Calmidazolium, a calmodulin antagonist, inhibited phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity at IC50 values ranging from 10 to 15 micromolar. Thus the Ca2+-induced stimulation of phosphatidic acid phosphatase appears to be mediated through calmodulin, whereas the effect of Ca2+ on phospholipase D is independent of calmodulin. The role of Ca2+ as a second messenger in the initiation of membrane lipid degradation is discussed.

Full text

PDF
64

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Allan D., Billah M. M., Finean J. B., Michell R. H. Release of diacylglycerol-enriched vesicles from erythrocytes with increased intracellular (Ca2+). Nature. 1976 May 6;261(5555):58–60. doi: 10.1038/261058a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Allan D., Low M. G., Finean J. B., Michell R. H. Changes in lipid metabolism and cell morphology following attack by phospholipase C (Clostridium perfringens) on red cells or lymphocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975 Dec 1;413(2):309–316. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(75)90116-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Allan D., Michell R. H. Phosphatidylinositol cleavage catalysed by the soluble fraction from lymphocytes. Activity at pH5.5 and pH7.0. Biochem J. 1974 Sep;142(3):591–597. doi: 10.1042/bj1420591. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. BARRON E. J., STUMPF P. K. Fat metabolism in higher plants. XIX. The biosynthesis of triglycerides by avocado-mesocarp enzymes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1962 Jul 2;60:329–337. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(62)90408-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Beutelmann P., Kende H. Membrane Lipids in Senescing Flower Tissue of Ipomoea tricolor. Plant Physiol. 1977 May;59(5):888–893. doi: 10.1104/pp.59.5.888. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bligny R., Douce R. Calcium-dependent lipolytic acyl-hydrolase activity in purified plant mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1978 Jun 23;529(3):419–428. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(78)90086-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bradford M. M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248–254. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cheung W. Y. Calmodulin plays a pivotal role in cellular regulation. Science. 1980 Jan 4;207(4426):19–27. doi: 10.1126/science.6243188. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Drøbak B. K., Ferguson I. B. Release of Ca2+ from plant hypocotyl microsomes by inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1985 Aug 15;130(3):1241–1246. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(85)91747-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Finean J. B., Martonosi A. The action of phospholipase C on muscle microsomes: a correlation of electron microscope and biochemical data. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1965 Jun 1;98(3):547–553. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(65)90151-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gietzen K., Wüthrich A., Bader H. R 24571: a new powerful inhibitor of red blood cell Ca++-transport ATPase and of calmodulin-regulated functions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1981 Jul 30;101(2):418–425. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(81)91276-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Heller M. Phospholipase D. Adv Lipid Res. 1978;16:267–326. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-024916-9.50011-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Herman E. M., Chrispeels M. J. Characteristics and subcellular localization of phospholipase d and phosphatidic Acid phosphatase in mung bean cotyledons. Plant Physiol. 1980 Nov;66(5):1001–1007. doi: 10.1104/pp.66.5.1001. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. KATES M. Hydrolysis of lecithin by plant plastid enzymes. Can J Biochem Physiol. 1955 Jul;33(4):575–589. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. McKersie B. D., Lepock J. R., Kruuv J., Thompson J. E. The effects of cotyledon senescence on the composition and physical properties of membrane lipid. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1978 Apr 4;508(2):197–212. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(78)90325-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Moore T. S., Lord J. M., Kagawa T., Beevers H. Enzymes of phospholipid metabolism in the endoplasmic reticulum of castor bean endosperm. Plant Physiol. 1973 Jul;52(1):50–53. doi: 10.1104/pp.52.1.50. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Morré D. J., Gripshover B., Monroe A., Morré J. T. Phosphatidylinositol turnover in isolated soybean membranes stimulated by the synthetic growth hormone 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. J Biol Chem. 1984 Dec 25;259(24):15364–15368. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Roughan P. G., Slack C. R. Is phospholipase D really an enzyme? A comparison of in situ and in vitro activities. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1976 Apr 22;431(1):86–95. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(76)90262-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Veluthambi K., Poovaiah B. W. Calcium-promoted protein phosphorylation in plants. Science. 1984 Jan 13;223(4632):167–169. doi: 10.1126/science.223.4632.167. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Wong P. Y., Cheung W. Y. Calmodulin stimulates human platelet phospholipase A2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1979 Sep 27;90(2):473–480. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)91259-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Yoshida S. Freezing Injury and Phospholipid Degradation in Vivo in Woody Plant Cells: III. Effects of Freezing on Activity of Membrane-bound Phospholipase D in Microsome-enriched Membranes. Plant Physiol. 1979 Aug;64(2):252–256. doi: 10.1104/pp.64.2.252. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Yoshida S. Freezing injury and phospholipid degradation in vivo in woody plant cells: I. Subcellular localization of phospholipase d in living bark tissues of the black locust tree (robinia pseudoacacia L.). Plant Physiol. 1979 Aug;64(2):241–246. doi: 10.1104/pp.64.2.241. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Plant Physiology are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES