Correction: Diabetologia (2022) 66:321-335
10.1007/s00125-022-05811-5
The original non-linear Mendelian randomisation approach used in this analysis, known as the ‘residual’ method [1], relies on the strong parametric assumptions of linearity and homogeneity between the genetic instrument and the exposure across strata of the exposure [2]. There have been reports that these assumptions were frequently violated [2, 3]. In response, the authors of the method [2] introduced the ‘doubly-ranked’ approach, implemented in a new R package, ‘SUMnlmr’ (https://github.com/amymariemason/SUMnlmr). We used this new approach to re-analyse our data, finding no evidence of non-linear causal relationships between BMI and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in either sex. We did find evidence of non-linear causal relationships between BMI and type 2 diabetes, blood glucose levels, HbA1c and all tested lipid fractions in unstratified analyses. In sex-specific analyses, we found significant non-linear associations between BMI and HbA1c in both sexes, and with type 2 diabetes, glucose, HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerols only in men. The original article has been corrected to reflect the revised methodology; new data are shown in Figs 2 and 3, Table 4 and ESM Fig. 7.
In addition, the spelling of Hugo Pomares-Millan’s name has been corrected.
Footnotes
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
References
- 1.Staley JR, Burgess S (2017) Semiparametric methods for estimation of a nonlinear exposure-outcome relationship using instrumental variables with application to Mendelian randomization. Genet Epidemiol 41(4):341–352. 10.1002/gepi.22041 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Tian H, Mason AM, Liu C, Burgess S (2023) Relaxing parametric assumptions for non-linear Mendelian randomization using a doubly-ranked stratification method. PLoS Genet 19(6):e1010823. 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010823 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed]
- 3.Wade KH, Hamilton FW, Carslake D, Sattar N, Davey Smith G, Timpson NJ (2023) Challenges in undertaking nonlinear Mendelian randomization. Obesity 31(12):2887–2890. 10.1002/oby.23927 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]