Abstract
Production of butyrate by the holotrich protozoon Dasytricha ruminantium involves the enzymes of glycolysis, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, acetyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA hydro-lyase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA reductase, phosphate butyryltransferase and butyrate kinase. Subcellular fractionation by differential and density-gradient centrifugation on sucrose gradients indicated that all those enzymes except pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase were non-sedimentable at 6 X 10(6) g-min. Butyrate kinase and phosphate butyryltransferase were associated with the large- and small-granule fractions. Thus, although metabolic reactions necessary for butyrate production proceed predominantly in the cytosol, hydrogenosomes play a key role in the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- ABMU AKKADA A. R., HOWARD B. H. The biochemistry of rumen Protozoa, 3. The carbohydrate metabolism of Entodinium. Biochem J. 1960 Sep;76:445–451. doi: 10.1042/bj0760445. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HEALD P. J., OXFORD A. E. Fermentation of soluble sugars by anaerobic holotrich ciliate protozoa of the genera Isotricha and Dasytricha. Biochem J. 1953 Feb;53(3):506–512. doi: 10.1042/bj0530506. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HOWARD B. H. The biochemistry of rumen protozoa. 2. Some carbohydrases in cell-free extracts of Dasytricha and Isotricha. Biochem J. 1959 Apr;71(4):675–680. doi: 10.1042/bj0710675. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miller T. L., Jenesel S. E. Enzymology of butyrate formation by Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. J Bacteriol. 1979 Apr;138(1):99–104. doi: 10.1128/jb.138.1.99-104.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Müller M., Baudhuin P., De Duve C. Lysosomes in Tetrahymena pyriformis. I. Some properties and lysosomal localization of acid hydrolases. J Cell Physiol. 1966 Oct;68(2):165–175. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1040680211. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Müller M. Biochemistry of protozoan microbodies: peroxisomes, alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase bodies, hydrogenosomes. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1975;29:467–483. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.29.100175.002343. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Müller M. Peroxisomes of protozoa. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1969 Dec 19;168(2):291–301. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb43116.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Müller M. Secretion of acid hydrolases and its intracellular source in Tetrahymena pyriformis. J Cell Biol. 1972 Feb;52(2):478–487. doi: 10.1083/jcb.52.2.478. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Opperdoes F. R., Borst P. Localization of nine glycolytic enzymes in a microbody-like organelle in Trypanosoma brucei: the glycosome. FEBS Lett. 1977 Aug 15;80(2):360–364. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80476-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RYLEY J. F. Studies on the metabolism of the protozoa. 5. Metabolism of the parasitic flagellate Trichomonas foetus. Biochem J. 1955 Mar;59(3):361–369. doi: 10.1042/bj0590361. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Snyders L., Hellings P., Bovy-Kesler C., Thines-Sempoux D. Occurrence of hydrogenosomes in the rumen ciliates Ophryoscolecidae. FEBS Lett. 1982 Jan 11;137(1):35–39. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)80309-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- TWAROG R., WOLFE R. S. Enzymatic phosphorylation of butyrate. J Biol Chem. 1962 Aug;237:2474–2477. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Taylor M. B., Berghausen H., Heyworth P., Messenger N., Rees L. J., Gutteridge W. E. Subcellular localization of some glycolytic enzymes in parasitic flagellated protozoa. Int J Biochem. 1980;11(2):117–120. doi: 10.1016/0020-711x(80)90243-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- VALENTINE R. C., WOLFE R. S. Purification and role of phosphotransbutyrylase. J Biol Chem. 1960 Jul;235:1948–1952. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Williams A. G., Harfoot C. G. Factors affecting the uptake and metabolism of soluble carbohydrates by the rumen ciliate Dasytricha ruminantium isolated from ovine rumen contents by filtration. J Gen Microbiol. 1976 Sep;96(1):125–136. doi: 10.1099/00221287-96-1-125. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Williams A. G. The selectivity of carbohydrate assimilation by the anaerobic rumen ciliate Dasytricha ruminantium. J Appl Bacteriol. 1979 Dec;47(3):511–520. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1979.tb01212.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yarlett N., Hann A. C., Lloyd D., Williams A. G. Hydrogenosomes in a mixed isolate of Isotricha prostoma and Isotricha intestinalis from ovine rumen contents. Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1983;74(2):357–364. doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(83)90025-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yarlett N., Hann A. C., Lloyd D., Williams A. Hydrogenosomes in the rumen protozoon Dasytricha ruminantium Schuberg. Biochem J. 1981 Nov 15;200(2):365–372. doi: 10.1042/bj2000365. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yarlett N., Lloyd D., Williams A. G. Respiration of the rumen ciliate Dasytricha ruminantium Schuberg. Biochem J. 1982 Aug 15;206(2):259–266. doi: 10.1042/bj2060259. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]