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. 1996 Apr 1;492(Pt 1):31–38. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021286

Submicroscopic calcium signals as fundamental events of excitation--contraction coupling in guinea-pig cardiac myocytes.

P Lipp 1, E Niggli 1
PMCID: PMC1158858  PMID: 8730580

Abstract

1. Subcellularly localized Ca2+ signals have been proposed to represent elementary events of cardiac Ca2+ signalling (Ca2+ sparks), whereby an individual sarcolemmal L-type Ca2+ channel locally controls opening of a single (or a few) Ca2+ release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). 2. To investigate directly the elementary nature of this Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release mechanism we used flash photolysis of caged Ca2+ while simultaneously measuring the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) with a laser-scanning confocal microscope. 3. Power spectral analysis of the confocal images performed in the spatial domain revealed that only Ca2+ signalling events involving the L-type Ca2+ channel pathway gave rise to Ca2+ sparks. In contrast, SR Ca2+ release triggered by photolytic [Ca2+]i jumps resulted in Ca2+ transients that were always spatially homogeneous. 4. From these findings we conclude that the fundamental event of Ca2+ signalling in cardiac muscle may be smaller in size or amplitude than a Ca2+ spark. 5. We term this event a 'Ca2+ quark' possibly resulting from gating of a single SR Ca2+ release channel. It is proposed that concerted activation of several 'Ca2+ quarks' may be required for a Ca2+ spark. The 'Ca2+ quark' could also be the fundamental event in other cell types implementing a hierarchical Ca2+ signalling concept.

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33Fig. 1
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34Figure 2 (cont.)
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35Figure 2
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36Figure 3
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Selected References

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